A polarimetric vision system yielding a roughness-segmentation-based image is described. As a general principle, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a surface is assumed to be related to its local irregularities, i.e., its roughness. This BRDF is seen as the sum of a specular and a diffuse component. In this paper we propose to introduce polarization measurements in or...

Skin is a complex organ covering the entire surface of the body. Aged skin is characterized by appearance of wrinkles, laxity, and pigmentary irregularities. These changes occur under the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with sun exposure being the most deleterious to the skin. Skin changes associated with aging are the focus of many surgical and nonsurgical procedures aimed to imp...

Commercial aluminium and stainless steel sheets were used as substrates for thin film silicon solar cell deposition. The influence of elemental contamination and disturbed film growth on solar cell performance and yield were studied. Diffusion during film growth was found to be more pronounced than thermally activated interdiffusion of existing films. Surface irregularities of the substrate are...

In the Linear Colliders FEL projects ultra short bunches are foreseen to be used. In addition to usual wakefields, coming from irregularities in the chamber, these bunches excite fields in transporting lines and undulators due to the surface roughness. This effect can be large for the extruded tubes, usually used in accelerators. Based on computer results it is shown, that the roughness wakefie...

Irregularities are widespread in large databases and often lead to erroneous conclusions with respect to data mining and statistical analysis. For example, considerable bias is often resulted from many parameter estimation procedures without properly handling significant irregularities. Most data cleaning tools assume one known type of irregularity. This paper proposes a generic Irregularity En...

Superficial irregularities and certain intrinsic stains on the dental enamel surfaces can be resolved by enamel microabrasion, however, treatment for such defects need to be confined to the outermost regions of the enamel surface. Dental bleaching and resin-based composite repair are also often useful for certain situations for tooth color corrections. This article presented and discussed the i...

This chapter presents a new method of Non-Uniform offsetting and using biarc fittings to hollow out solid objects or thick walls to speed up the part building processes on RP systems. By building a hollowed prototype instead of a solid part, material consumption and build time can be reduced significantly. A rapid prototyped part with constant wall thickness is important for many different appl...