The validity of the TOEFL, a large-scale worldwide test and high-stake test, is most concern for test-takers. TOEFL scores has been found positive as whole but in reading comprehension. Four aspects are analyzed to study fairness iBT test. Results show that score under-represented, with some cognitive issue, negative washback, unfairness.

Youth are increasingly engaging in civic action to address social injustices. Many adult educators also looking for instructional resources that support youth voice as a way promote adolescent development and community change. Alas, assessment tools policy argumentation lacking. Existing overemphasize public speaking skills rely on dated artifacts such cardboard trifold posters. In this article...

The goal of this review is to highlight key elements underpinning excellent high-stakes summative assessment. This guide is primarily aimed at faculty members with the responsibility of assigning student grades and is intended to be a practical tool to help throughout the process of planning, developing, and deploying tests as well as monitoring their effectiveness. After a brief overview of th...