We show that the effect of stimulus colour-intensity on reaction times in the Stroop task is additive with the effect of Stroop condition. This establishes that the psychophysical relationship between stimulus intensity and response time known as Piéron’s Law holds for colour processing, and that it can hold in cognitive tasks under conditions of response conflict, not, as hitherto demonstrated...

Praying over longer time spans can foster self-control. Less is known about the immediate, short-term consequences of praying. Here we investigated the possibility that praying may counteract self-control depletion. Participants suppressed or did not suppress thoughts about a white bear before engaging in a brief period of either personal prayer or free thought. Then, all participants completed...

background: schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that impairs several intellectual functions, including attention processes.   objectives: to investigate attention deficit in a group of patients with schizophrenia.   method: thirty patients with schizophrenia hospitalized in three psychiatric wards in shiraz and isfahan and 30 normal healthy subjects matched for age, gender and years of educ...

The Stroop effect has been studied for more than sixty years, and yet it still defies a complete theoretical account. The model presented here offers a new approach that integrates several explanations of the Stroop phenomenon into a hybrid model. Because this model is built within the ACT-R cognitive architecture (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998), it applies a generic, pre-specified set of mechanisms...

Using a generalized adaptive framework for unified cognitive modeling, we replicate human performance on a standard Stroop task within an explanatory computational model of vision, language and higher order processing. Having shown the ability to generate similar results to its human counterpart on a Stroop Test evaluation, we discuss how a succession of similar tests on well-understood phenome...

Dysregulation in cognitive control networks may mediate core characteristics of drug addiction. Cocaine dependence has been particularly associated with low activation in the frontoparietal regions during conditions requiring decision making and cognitive control. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to examine differential brain-related activation to cocaine addiction ...

BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the potential value of the dual-task concept during locomotion in clinical evaluation because cognitive decline is strongly associated with gait abnormalities. However, current dual-task tests appear to be insufficient for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment. METHODS Forty-nine subjects (young, old, with or without mild cognitive impairment) underw...

In four experiments, we examined the effect of manipulating study phase attention in a Stroop task on the extent of repetition priming in the lexical decision task (LDT). Experiment 1 replicated the immunity of the LDT to division of attention reported by Szymanski and MacLeod (1996), using a standard Stroop configuration. Response times to previously encountered words were identical regardless...

Cognitive control has been extensively studied from Event-Related Potential (ERP) point of view in visual modality using Stroop paradigms. Little work has been done in auditory Stroop paradigms, and inconsistent conclusions have been reported, especially on the conflict detection stage of cognitive control. This study investigated the early ERP components in an auditory Stroop paradigm, during ...