Mass mortality of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was observed in a fish farm of Kulgaria, Burdwan in West Bengal, India. The cumulative mortality rates reached up to 5% of the total fish in the farm per day. The clinical signs of the affected fish showed ulcers on the skin which gradually grew in size and progressed to form ulcerous dermatitis. Clinical signs of catfish experimental...

Urtica dioica L. Stinging nettle has long been known worldwide as a medicinal plant. To study the benefits of the nettle in diabetic encephalopathy, the granule cell density of the dentate gyrus of diabetic rats was studied following administration of Urtica dioica extract. A total of 24 male albino Wistar rats were allocated equally to normal, diabetic, preventive and treatment groups. Hypergl...

Olfaction and nasal trigeminal chemoreception together convey an impression of the physical and chemical qualities of inspired air. “Nasal pungency” refers to the nasal trigeminal impact of inhaled air pollutants as well as spicy foods and selected medicaments. Such diverse sensations as cooling, numbness, tingling, itching, burning, and stinging are all conveyed by the trigeminal system yet ar...