STANDARDIZATION of the surgical treatment of strabismus has long been the ambition of surgeons. Even for the most experienced the number of millimetres of recession or resection to perform is always a difficult decision. Because of individual variation in response to similar surgical procedures, Cooper (1961) believed it difficult to predict the result. Knapp (1958) considered accurate estimati...

Morphogen gradients are proposed to organise cell fates during development via the long-range activity of secreted molecules. Their existence in vertebrates, however, has been debated. A recent study has identified the Nodal-related protein Squint as a bona fide morphogen in vertebrate mesoderm.

Retrospective analysis of a selected sample of children who presented with convergent squint has shown that abnormal meridional hypermetropia (3.5 D or more) at age 1 was the principal factor associated with severe amblyopia (6/24 or less) remaining after conventional treatment. Neither the reported age of onset nor delay in presentation influenced the final visual outcome.

In the following paper an analysis of the SAR impulse response signal from the interferometric point of view is expounded, with the intention of studying its phase behaviour in the presence of high squint values. The work will be focused on the development and verification of some methods for the generation of precise geocoded Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in high squinted geometries.

Shh activity and at different distances from the source. The proper functioning of tissues and organs requires These observations provide unequivocal evidence that that each cell differentiate appropriately for its position. Shh acts directly on distant cells and therefore that Shh In many cases, the positional information that instructs forms a morphogen gradient in the developing neural cells...

Sensory adaptations to squint are considered in the light of present knowledge of the visual sensory system. A model to assist our understanding of the clinical presentation of sensory adaptation is proposed. Suppression and abnormal correspondence are considered as anomalies of different parts of the sensory system, and the interplay of these adaptations is reviewed.

The results of squint surgery in 40 children with congenital esotropia are analysed. A 'favourable outcome' was achieved in 23 (57.5%) children. The factors affecting the final outcome including ocular alignment in the immediate postoperative period, age at the time of surgery, amblyopia, associated inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation, latent or manifest latent nystagmus...