Flow patterns generated by medusan swimmers such as jellyfish are known to differ according the morphology of the various animal species. Oblate medusae have been previously observed to generate vortex ring structures during the propulsive cycle. Owing to the inherent physical coupling between locomotor and feeding structures in these animals, the dynamics of vortex ring formation must be robus...

Conservation of large ocean wildlife requires an understanding of how they use space. In Western Australia, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population is growing at a minimum rate of 10% per year. An important consideration for conservation based management in space-limited environments, such as coastal resting areas, is the potential expansion in area use by humpback whales if the ...

In this article we examine the impact of family structure on educational attainment in Hungary. Using a data-set collected in 1983 with information on all siblings of 17146 primary respondents, the effects of family size, birth order, and spacing were investigated. Hypotheses on these effects were based on sibling resource-dilution theory, which was modified for the case of Hungary, where educa...

Data used in the present study are from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-I) 1992-93 (International Institute for Population Sciences 1995), India. Our study has developed Cox model analyses to see the effect of breastfeeding as a time-varying and time-dependent factor on birth spacing. While it is acknowledged that breastfeeding has a protective effect on birth spacing, such analysis of ...

The lamellar D spacing has been measured for oriented stacks of lecithin bilayers prepared on a variety of solid substrates and hydrated from the vapor. We find that, when the bilayers are in the L(alpha) phase near 100% relative humidity, the D spacing is consistently larger when the substrate is rougher than when it is smooth. The differences become smaller as the relative humidity is decreas...

OBJECTIVES Age-related changes in memory performance are common in paired associate episodic memory tasks, although the deficit can be ameliorated with distributed practice. Benefits of learning episode spacing in older adults have been shown in single-session studies with spaced presentations of items followed by a test. This study examined the magnitude of the spacing effect benefit in older ...

We investigate the energy optimization (minimization) for amplified links. We show that using the using a well-established analytic nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio noise model that for a simple amplifier model there are very clear, fiber independent, amplifier gains which minimize the total energy requirement. With a generalized amplifier model we establish the spacing for the optimum power per...

A method for connecting unfilled natural bamboo was proposed, comprising screws and metal plates. The is commonly used in timber connections, yet connections are rarely seen, mostly due to the perceived risk of splitting. This study aimed assess applicability through extensive testing short-term laterally loaded connection parallel fibre, including variation several parameters. An existing mode...

This study was aimed to the examination of the effect of tillage row spacing and bush spacing on the performance and components of Phaseou vulgaris var. (line: cos16). The investigation was conducted as cut terraces and in terms of complete random blocks in three replicates at Brujerd Agricultural Research and Natural Resources in the agricultural year 2009-2010. Here, the main terraces with th...

This study was aimed to the examination of the effect of tillage row spacing and bush spacing on the performance and components of Phaseou vulgaris var. (line: cos16). The investigation was conducted as cut terraces and in terms of complete random blocks in three replicates at Brujerd Agricultural Research and Natural Resources in the agricultural year 2009-2010. Here, the main terraces with th...