BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype may influence disease progression. We compared CD4 lymphocyte cell count levels at seroconversion, decline rates and viral load set point in individuals infected with different HIV-1 subtypes. METHODS We used data from the Concerted Action on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in Europe (CASCADE) collaboration, restricted to those i...

BACKGROUND Identifying persons with recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody seroconversion is useful for treatment, research, and prevention, but the sensitivity and specificity of tests for this purpose are uncertain. METHODS We used longitudinal specimens panels from 155 persons identified prior to HIV seroconversion to assess antibody-based methods for classifying persons as wit...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) and lamivudine (LAM) therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who had not received nucleoside analogue treatment. METHODS In this multicenter, retrospective study, we included pediatric CHB patients younger than 20 years who received ETV or LAM treatment for at least 12 months and had no concom...

In order to obtain data concerning the involvement of Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks, a serological survey was carried out on paired (acuteconvalescent) sera from 1310 beef and 810 dairy cattle collected in 262 BRD outbreaks in Italian herds during 2002-2006. No vaccination program to M. haemolytica A1 was applied in the investigated herds. For each outbrea...

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune response to influenza vaccination in adults. We conducted a literature search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Airiti Library, and PerioPath Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature in Taiwan. Databases were searched from inception to J...

BACKGROUND During the influenza pandemic of 2009/10, the whole-virion, Vero-cell-derived, inactivated, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine Celvapan® (Baxter) was used in Austria. Celvapan® is adjuvant-free and was the only such vaccine at that time in Europe. The objective of this observational, non-interventional, prospective single-center study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and tolerabil...

INTRODUCTION The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Chinese HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) remains obscure. More data is required to understand the epidemic and set up preventive strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline and annual testing of anti-HCV was in place for all HIV-infected MSM in the largest HIV clinic in Hong Kong. Logistic regression was used to c...

AIM To compare interferon monotherapy with combination treatment using interferon and lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS Data from 65 children who had received either interferon-alpha (5 MU/m2 subcutaneous thrice a week for 6 months; n=35; Group 1) or this dose of interferon-alpha for 6 months with oral lamivudine for one year (4 mg/Kg/day, maximum 100 mg/day; n=30; Grou...

The author describes the case of a 2-year-old boy presenting with aplastic anaemia due to documented parvovirus infection bone marrow without specific seroconversion.

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and has a case fatality rate of 2-3%, with higher rates among elderly patients comorbidities. It was determined in study that the viral load peaked during first week illness then gradually declined over second week. Viral also correlates age existent Furthermore, both IgG IgM antibodies starts to increase a...