Technologic advances give rise to new tests for detecting disease in many fields, including cancer and sexually transmitted disease. Before a new disease screening test is approved for public use, its accuracy should be shown to be better than or at least not inferior to an existing test. Standards do not yet exist for designing and analysing studies to address this issue. Established principle...

We developed methods to assess the cancer risks by screening tests. These methods estimate the size of the high risk group adjusted for the characteristics of screening tests and estimate the incidence rates of cancer among the high risk group adjusted for the characteristics of the tests. A method was also developed for selecting the cut-off point of a screening test. Finally, the methods were...

OBJECTIVE We compared the performance of the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) in singleton versus twin pregnancies and investigated the need for adjusting GCT cutoff values for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies among Korean women. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed in women who underwent GCT at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and delivered in our department be...

Genetic testing is now available clinically for several epilepsies. Neurologists increasingly face decisions about diagnostic testing in affected patients and should carefully deliberate the ethical considerations associated with genetic testing. The merits of ordering a genetic test are largely based on the utility for guiding clinical care, providing a prognosis, estimating recurrence risk, a...

Background General practitioners (GPs) will face cancer recurrences more frequently due to the rising number of cancer survivors and greater involvement of GPs in the follow-up care. Currently, GPs are uncertain about managing recurrence risks and may need more guidance. Objective To explore what guidance is available for GPs on managing recurrence risks for breast cancer, colorectal cancer a...

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to evaluate whether screening patients with diabetes for microalbuminuria (MA) is effective according to the criteria developed by Frame and Carlson and those of the US Preventive Services Task Force. STUDY DESIGN We searched the MEDLINE database (1966-present) and bibliographies of relevant articles. OUTCOMES MEASURED We evaluated the impact of MA screening using pub...

Background and Objectives: Students with learning difficulties encounter poorer school outcomes and major problems in learning. Researchers investigated the factors in preschool stage that will help to diagnosis learning problems.  Methods: A meta-analytic review provides means for assessing which factors show the strongest effects on long-term outcomes. Results: This article presents a ...

background: colorectal cancer is the second cause of the cancer related mortalities in the world. screening can effectively reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of this cancer. sensitivity and specificity of screening methods play an important role in their efficacy. the aim of this study is to review sensitivity and specificity of selected colorectal cancer screening methods systematically....

Ongoing ovarian cancer screening trials are investigating the efficacy of a two-step screening strategy using currently available blood and imaging tests [CA125 and transvaginal sonography (TVS)]. Concurrently, efforts to develop new biomarkers and imaging tests seek to improve screening performance beyond its current limits. This study estimates the mortality reduction, years of life saved, an...

BACKGROUND Following a recent major review of cervical screening, from 2017 Australia will transition from two-yearly cytology-based screening to five-yearly primary HPV screening, with partial genotyping and direct referral for HPV 16/18 and LBC triage for other oncogenic types. Switching to a longer screening interval will result in transitional fluctuations for volumes of tests before a 'ste...