Unique stomach physiology allows ruminants to utilise any form of dietary nitrogen (N) as a protein source. Ruminant N requirements can be divided into for microbial fermentation and host amino acids. diets often contain non-protein (NPN) compounds, group components that are not proteins but converted by rumen microbes. Therefore, NPN compounds in ruminant serve alternative sources ammoniacal (...

To evaluate the effects of garlic on some blood metabolites in pre-partum dairy goats, the ration was supplemented with raw garlic at the doses of 0, 30, 50 and 70 g kg(-1) of Dry matter (DM) in eight pregnant Mahabadi breed goats (59 ± 1 kg initial live weight) in a replicated Latin square design during the last two months of pregnancy. Each experimental period lasted 14 days with the first 12...

Pre-ruminant calves were pair-fed a concentrate feed in either liquid form (LC) from a nipple bottle or in dry form (DC). We then studied the effects of these two forms of feed on body weight gain, feed utilization, digestibility, digestive enzyme secretion and volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor. The live weight gain of calves receiving the liquid concentrate was depressed by 34 p. 100. T...

The essential role of ruminal microflora in ruminant nutrition provides the potential for improvement in animal production via altering the numbers or activities of specific classes of microorganisms. Successful alterations will be facilitated by an understanding of the microbial ecology of the rumen based on its mechanistic underpinnings. Demonstrated improvements in ruminal fermentation can b...

Replacing dietary starch with sugar and sodium-propionate has been reported to improve performance in ruminant animals. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing different sources of energy with barley grain in dairy calves′ starter on weaning, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, skeletal growth, and fecal score. A total of 21 male calves (42 ...

Sulfur (S) is an essential mineral for animals and serves many important biological functions in the animal’s body. However, when excess S is present in ruminant diets, neurological problems can occur. When feed and water containing high levels of S (greater than 0.40% of diet DM) are fed to ruminants, a condition called polioencephalomalacia (PEM) can occur. Polioencephalomalcia is caused by n...

Beef and dairy products suffer from a negative health image, related to the nature of their lipid fraction. Rumen lipid metabolism involves the presence of saturated lipids in ruminant tissues. Lipolysis, fatty acid biohydrogenation and formation of microbial fatty acids in the rumen and their effects on rumen outflow of fatty acids are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the formation of t...

OBJECTIVE Using medicinal plant by-products (MPBP) as feed additives may be an eco-friendly option as substitutes for feedstuffs and may assist in reducing the improper disposal of MPBP. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influences of MPBP on the meat quality of Hanwoo steers fed a total mixed ration (TMR). METHODS Twenty seven steers (body weight = 573±57 kg) were randomly ...

Five strains of anaerobic fungi isolated from the faeces of wild (hog deer, Cervus porcinus; blackbuck, Antelope cervicapra; spotted deer, Axis axis; nilgai, Baselophus tragocamelus) and rumen liquor of domestic (sheep, Ovies aries) ruminants showing high fibrolytic enzyme producing ability were added to mixed rumen microflora of buffalo to study their effect on the digestibility of lignocellul...