After Ag encounter, CD8+ T cells become activated and begin to proliferate. Early during infection, when Ag-specific effector CD8+ T cells are proliferating, producing cytokines, and lysing infected cells in vivo, their mitochondrial potential is increased. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to determine whether mitochondrial function was required for CD8+ T cell function. To blo...

In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the associated pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system (ENS), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord and the substantia nigra, providing the basis for the neuropathological staging of the disease. Here we report that intragastrically administered r...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) repletion has been shown to provide marked neuroprotection from genotoxic agent-induced neuronal and astrocyte cell death. One of the key precursors of NAD+ is nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Therefore, it was hypothesized that NMN may attenuate apoptosis and improve energy metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behavioral and neuropathological c...

Dysfunctions of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), the main catabolic pathway for alpha-synuclein, have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since till now there is limited information on how PD-related toxins may affect CMA, in this study we explored the effect of mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone on CMA substrates, alpha-synuclein and MEF2D, and effectors, la...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to nigrostriatal degeneration. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and oxidative stress-induced damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study used these specific mitochondrial complex I inhibitors (rotenone a...

Submitochondrial particles from bovine heart in which NADH dehydrogenase is reduced by either addition of NADH and rotenone or by reversed electron transfer generate 0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol of O2-/min per mg of protein at pH 7.4 and at 30 degrees C. When NADH is used as substrate, rotenone, antimycin and cyanide increase O2- production. In NADH- and antimycin-supplemented submitochondrial particles, r...

Ureteral obstruction with subsequent hydronephrosis is a common clinical complication. Downregulation of renal sodium transporters in obstructed kidneys could contribute to impaired urinary concentrating capability and salt waste following the release of a ureteral obstruction. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of mitochondrial complex-1 inhibition in modulating sodium tr...

The drug accumulation of a human multidrug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cell line and a multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-expressing human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was compared in the presence of sixteen flavonoids and five isoflavonoids. The expression of the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (MDR1) and 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) in both cell lines...

Abstract: Purpose: The present work evaluated the neuroprotective potential of embelin either alone and in combination with Levodopa rotenone induced PD (Parkinson’s disease) model mice. Methods: Swiss albino male adult mice were randomly divided into 7 groups. Group-1 (Control) received 2mL/kg olive oil by oral route (p.o.), Groups from 2 to 2.5mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.), levodopa was admini...

We investigated the repellency and toxicity of eight plant extracts containing celangulin, cnidium lactone, matrine, nicotine, pyrethrins, rotenone, stemonine veratrine against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande; Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Flowers treated with 0.05% rotenone harbored fewer in two- multiple-choice bioassays. When evaluated at concentrations varying from 0....