1. The taxonomic and functional composition of reef fish assemblages are quantified in three biogeographical regions: Great Barrier Reef, French Polynesia and Caribbean. Assemblages are described in three habitats of differing wave exposure. Functional abilities are estimated based on published analyses linking fin morphology and swimming performance. 2. Two questions were addressed: (1) To wha...

The method of modern analogs is widely used to obtain estimates of past climatic conditions from paleobiological assemblages, and despite its frequent use, this method involved so-far untested assumptions. We applied four analog approaches to a continental-scale set of bioclimatic and plantdistribution presence/absence data for North America to assess how well this method works under near-optim...

The horizontal transfer of retrotransposons has a significant impact on the regulatory system multicellular organism, but biological basis been sufficiently studied up to date. Earlier, we identified conserved sequence recombination products bovine chromosome 1 nucleotide region. This high percent identity with LINE BovB, which is widely known as participant. current study analyzes presence cat...