The aim of this article is to review the concept of the qualityadjusted life-year (QALY), a widely used measure of health improvement that is used to guide health-care resource allocation decisions. The QALY was originally developed as a measure of health effectiveness for cost-effectiveness analysis, a method intended to aid decision-makers charged with allocating scarce resources across compe...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) represents the most important tool in the health economics literature to quantify and qualify the reasoning behind the optimal decision process in terms of the allocation of resources to a given health intervention. However, the practical application of CEA in regulatory process is often limited by some critical barriers, and decisions in clinical practice are ...

all societies face the need to make judgments about what interventions (both public health and personal medical) to provide to their populations under reasonable resource constraints. their decisions should be informed by good evidence and arguments from health technology assessment (hta). but if hta restricts itself to evaluations of safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, it risks being vie...

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Prey organisms are confronted with time and resource allocation trade-offs. Time allocation trade-offs partition time, for example, between foraging effort to acquire resources and behavioral defense. Resource allocation trade-offs partition the acquired resources between multiple traits, such as growth or morphological defense. We develop a mathematical model for prey organisms that comprise t...

With the development of cloud computing, many organizations are deploying their IT infrastructures through cloud platforms so as to provide services for more and more users. Therefore, resource pricing mechanism becomes a key component in these open cloud platforms. In this paper, we propose a gaming theory based cloud resource pricing model, in which a cooperative gaming model is applied to op...

It is challenging to reduce the processor power consumption while meeting the processor resource requirement of distributed multimedia applications in portable computers. This paper presents a middleware framework coordinating the Processor/Power Resource Management (PPRM) in mobile computing environment. Our framework has four major contributions: (1) providing a power-aware resource reservati...

All societies face the need to make judgments about what interventions (both public health and personal medical) to provide to their populations under reasonable resource constraints. Their decisions should be informed by good evidence and arguments from health technology assessment (HTA). But if HTA restricts itself to evaluations of safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, it risks being vie...