Editor – We appreciate the comments of P.J. Landrigan concerning our article on the factors associated with elevated blood concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan (1, 2). In his editorial, however, he commented that the decline in the use of leaded petrol in Pakistan had resulted in declines in children's blood lead levels. Mean blood lead concentrations in schoolchildren had been repor...

In this work we investigated the structure of the iron-stimulated surface tension reducing substances produced by P. citronellolis 222A isolated from a 17-years old landfarming used for sludge treatment in petrochemical industries and oil refinery. Its mass spectrum differs from P. aeruginosa spectrum, indicating that the surface tension reducing substances produced by P. citronellolis can be a...

Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology for CO2 capture because separation of this gas from the other flue gas components is inherent to the process and thus no energy is expended for the separation. Natural or refinery gas can

Mud solids entrained in clarified juice have an adverse effect on subsequent sugar curing and may retard refinery filtration rates if occluded in raw sugar crystals. Entrainment may be caused by refractory juices or instability of process control and may itself lead to unstable processing rates due to retarded curing rates and molasses recirculation. The adverse effects may therefore be quite p...

The quality of the Software Refinery KBSE environment derives significantly from the quality of its embedded Refine programming language. While Refine provides strong support for many modern high-level programming paradigms (functional, logic, object-oriented and metaprogramming), a number of improvements seem appropriate. These improvements are motivated through analysis of Refine’s existing c...

The course of 20-year studies on the health of the population of Ptock and its neighbourhood has been discussed as regards environmental pollution generated by refinery-petrochemical plant. Analysis of environmental factors and general principles of health-promoting phenomena were of particular concern. This paper demonstrates an increase in options of environmental factors in studies on health...

in this paper, using the value efficiency in dea pattern by taking decisive obtain. generally, non-radial model of ve and use proper weight to reduce input and output gain are the appropriate pattern. this paper introduces a multi-objective linear programming problem and efficiency determines the value of inefficient units. use interactive methods to solve molp proposed and applied. in conclusi...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are one of the most common contaminants found in soil. pahs exhibit a significant concern because of their toxicity, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties. using microorganisms for cleaning the pollution of soil can be cheap, effective and can provide environmental immunity. the goal of this study is to isolate and identify phenanthrene degra...

Aerial deposition of Ni from a refinery in Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada has resulted in the enrichment of 29 km of land with Ni concentrations exceeding the Canadian Ministry of the Environment’s remedial action level of 200 mg kg . Several studies on these soils have shown that making the soils calcareous was effective at reducing chemically extractable Ni, as well as alleviating Ni phytotox...

treatment efficiency, design factors and kinetic coefficients were studied using two pilots of activated sludge (as) and powdered activated carbon technology (pact), for treating tehran oil refinery effluent, in a duration of more than 12 months in order to evaluate the performance of each system against growth inhibitor shock loads, different concentrations of phenol and furfural (10-300 mg/l)...