social capital is a multi-faceted phenomenon in social sciences that massively affects many social fields. it can be a helpful factor in promoting health. among the groups with high burnout, nurses have always shown higher levels of burnout. studies have revealed that social capital can be an important factor affecting burnout. this study aimed to determine the extent of the effect of social ca...

BACKGROUND The assessment of quality of care is an integral part of modern medicine. The referral represents the handing over of care from the general practitioner to the specialist. This study aimed to assess whether an improved referral could lead to improved quality of care. METHODS A cluster randomized trial with the general practitioner surgery as the clustering unit was performed. Fourt...

Mechanical low back pain is the main common reason for referral to physiotherapy clinic, and a chief people complains, both men women are equally reported be affected by this condition. It found that core stabilization exercises have got significant improvement when compared conventional care in improving function relieving pain. To see effectiveness of muscles activation over along with Interf...

INTRODUCTION Heel pain is a common presentation at a primary care setting. The majority of these cases are benign and self limiting in nature. Common differential diagnoses include plantar fasciitis and peroneal muscle sprains. However, certain conditions-if undetected early-may cause significant morbidity to the patient. A high index of suspicion and early referral for further investigations a...

BACKGROUND A basic analysis of a patient's gait and posture provides information about the body and the capability of the musculoskeletal system to adjust to physical stressors. An understanding of normal gait and posture is essential for identifying and treating musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE This article discusses normal gait and how to assess gait. It also outlines common musculoskeletal ...

Functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS) is one of the less common functional gastrointestinal disorders, yet it is one with high health care impact. It is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective as the interaction of biologic and psychosocial factors contributing to symptom experience and behavior. The pain of FAPS relates primarily to dysfunction of central pain modulatory systems...

BACKGROUND Thoracic facet joints have been implicated as the source of chronic pain in the mid back or upper back in 34% to 42% of patients when the modified criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) is utilized. Various therapeutic techniques utilized in managing chronic thoracic pain of facet joint origin include intraarticular injections, medial branch blocks, an...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of trigeminal-cervical (TC) ocular referred pain. METHODS A retrospective study of 1,680 patients seen during 2002-2010 was performed in an ocular surface specialty center to identify patients with or without TC pain defined as ocular pain with ipsilateral trigger points located at the occipital region. Patients with refractory ...

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis, or its most severe form, chronic recurrent multifocal is an autoinflammatory bone disease that causes skeletal inflammation characterized by pain and swelling primarily affects children. It a diagnosis of exclusion clinical presentation may mimic underlying infectious processes malignancy. Clinical suspicion for this timely referral to pediatric rheumatology ...