Background: Oral lesions can affect people’s quality of life by interfering with chewing, swallowing, and speech. These may originate from epithelial or mesenchymal tissues. Malignant oral be life-threatening. Epidemiological data in Iran is limited. Objective: This study aims to investigate the frequency Rasht, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, histopathologic reported Razi laborat...

abstract islamic medicine is regarded as a comprehensive medical school with a long, glorious and worldwide reputation. some of the physicians of this school are famous worldwide and have contributed valuable services to the scientific world. given the dramatically increasing prevalence of cancer and the relative inefficacy of current medications, there is a great demand for the introduction of...

Al-Razi rose to become a hospital director both in Rayy (his home town, and now a suburb of Tehran) and Baghdad. This hospital environment proved important for his medical research. By the 10th century, hospitals in Baghdad had developed into quite sophisticated institutions. For instance, in the 920s and 930s, a powerful vizier by the name ‘Ali ibn ‘Isa endeavoured to improve public health, bo...

Background: Pterygium is one of the eye diseases that have been a subject of interest since ancient times. The aim of this study was to trace back the methods of diagnosis and treatment of pterygium throughout the history of Islamic civilization and to learn about the drugs and the related surgical instruments used to treat it. Methods: We searched all availab...

There are studies reporting primary headaches to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders, and some report resolution of headache following the treatment of the associated gastrointestinal disorder. Headache disorders are classified by The International Headache Society as primary or secondary; however, among the secondary headaches, those attributed to gastrointestinal disorders are not a...

Abstract : Najmoddin Razi was the well-known mystics in the late 6th century and beginning of 7th century (AH). He has authored so many works in the field of Islamic mysticism. In his most significant work, Mersadolebad, he pointed out the beginning and end of the universe, the start of deportment and the extremity of development as well as the destination and goals of lover and beloved. In Raz...

The multiplicity of new challenges facing society actualizes interest in religious sources, which become the object research for specialists various fi elds knowledge. In this regard, Quran contains valuable information that expands understanding intrapersonal confl ict terms study state doubt “shakk” and suspicion “reib”, as well factors contributing to emergence overcoming these states. “raib...