Histological development of digestive tract of the Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, from hatching to 6 month post-hatching was studied using light microscope. The digestive tract of newly hatched larvae was a simple, undifferentiated tube which continued from mouth to anus. In 10 days post hatching larvae, the alimentary canal became more differentiated and secretion was started activity, ...

Cardiac sac network activity (cycle period tens of seconds to minutes) has long been known to alter pyloric network activity (cycle period approximately 1 s), but these effects have not been quantified. Some pyloric muscles extract cardiac sac timed variations in pyloric motor neuron firing, and consequently produce cardiac sac timed movements even though no cardiac sac neurons innervate them. ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of systemic propranolol for the treatment of complicated infantile haemangiomas. DESIGN Retrospective review of case notes of paediatric patients treated with propranolol for complicated infantile haemangiomas. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS All paediatric patients with complicated infantile haemangiomas who commenced treatm...

There has been a longstanding controversy about the significance of intracavitary pressure gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It has been generally assumed that the gradient is the result of an 'obstruction' that impedes left ventricular outflow and which can be relieved by operative intervention. In the first decade after the discovery of HCM (1957-66), the site of 'obstruction' w...

There has been a longstanding controversy about the significance of intracavitary pressure gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It has been generally assumed that the gradient is the result of an 'obstruction' that impedes left ventricular outflow and which can be relieved by operative intervention. In the first decade after the discovery of HCM (1957-66), the site of 'obstruction' w...

A 90-year-old man was diagnosed with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGDLBL) by PET/CT examination, gastroscopy, biopsy and histopathological analysis at a regular physical check in April, 2016. The patient received R-CO chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) radiotherapy subsequently, enteral nutritional treatment through 3-cavity nasogastric tube due to develop...

Duplication of the alimentary tract is a rare but well-known condition, the aetiology of which is imperfectly understood. The present knowledge and theories are discussed by Willis (1958). Duplications occur on the dorsal or mesenteric aspect of the normal alimentary tract and may or may not communicate with it. Often they do not communicate and the secretions of the epithelial lining lead to c...

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease complicated by gastric outlet obstruction seems to be, overall, lower than that reported in non-complicated ulcer disease, with a mean value of 69%. However, H. pylori infection rates in various studies range from 33% to 91%, suggesting that differences in variables, such as the number and type of diagnostic methods used or...

Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) and surgical intervention are two most common and effective treatments for gastric outlet obstruction. Correction of gastric outlet obstruction without the need for surgery is an issue that has been tried to be resolved in these decades; this management has developed with EBD, advanced treatments like local steroid injection, electrocauterization, and stent h...

Dear editor, We present the case of a 69-year-old female undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for iron-deficiency anemia investigation. She reported intermittent bloating, nausea and vomiting. A pedunculated polyp was identified arising from greater curvature middle gastric body, with long fibroelastic stalk (30mm) 60mm congestive head that prolapsed towards pyloric ring, causing complete outl...