Integration into the world economy has accelerated economic growth in many developing countries, providing an essential impetus to poverty reduction (IMF 2001). Continuing growth and integration of world markets, however, has reduced the distinction between domestic and international policies and provoked criticism of the trade-restricting measures of developed countries. The highly protected a...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the trading system in the inter-war period concerning the Japanese Empire by means of border effect analysis in the gravity model. The results show sizeable and steadily increasing trading bloc border effects from the 1910s through the 1930s. This sizeable border effect might have resulted from many possible factors: trade diversion and creation due to in...

Countries as diverse as Afghanistan, Angola, and Sierra Leone are now attempting to recover from major wars, often amidst continuing insecurity. The challenge is to achieve a broad-based recovery that benefits the majority of people. The economic and social recovery of conflict-affected countries cannot be separated from their interaction with the rest of the world through flows of finance, goo...

This study uses communication, critical race theory (CRT), and storytelling to examine environmental racism and environmental justice efforts. In New Mexico’s Petroglyph National Monument, a conflict emerged when officials moved protected rock carvings to build a road through the park. When creating the monument, stakeholders evoked cultural and environmental protectionism. Yet, proroad campaig...

For present purposes globalisation can be thought of as a process of integration of goods and capital markets across the world in which barriers to international trade and foreign investment are reduced. Globalisation can be a result either of technological developments that reduce transport costs, improve information flows etc. or of policy changes that reduce protectionism, liberalise foreign...

This study uses annual data from 1985 to 2019 analyze the export and import trade patterns of mechanical electrical products China. We employ H-index, or difference between net capability symmetric revealed comparative advantage, assess policies in exports imports. The results reveal that China has advantage imports, had disadvantage before 1999. In recent years, policy protectionism been adopt...

This article tries to answer the question if actual wave of globalization may be considered viable under conditions increasing inequalities, poverty, environmental degradation, behavioral rules international markets and other important factors. The author considers that last cannot fully feasible on long run, based upon several arguments offered by specialized studies in field from data evidenc...