MJA • Volume 184 Number 12 • 19 June 2006 he ca wo T incidence of non-melanotic head and neck skin ncers in Queensland is among the highest in the rld. Perineural spread (PNS) from these lesions involves either small nerves, identified at pathological examination (incidental), or large nerves, presenting clinically as cranial nerve palsies. Basal cell carcinoma is the more common skin cancer, b...

An adverse environment in early life is often associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and higher rates of mood disorders in adulthood. In rats, exposure to social stress during pregnancy results in hyperactive HPA axis responses to stress in the adult offspring and heightened anxiety behavior in the males, but not the females. Here we tested whether, withou...

Semaphorins are a large family of proteins characterized by sema domains and play a key role not only in the formation of neural circuits, but in the immune system, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and bone metabolism. To date, 15 semaphorins have been reported to be involved in the formation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in higher vertebrates. A number of experiments have revealed the...

Many Proper Names (PNs) are Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words for speech recognition systems used to process diachronic audio data. To enable recovery of the PNs missed by the system, relevant OOV PNs can be retrieved by exploiting the semantic context of the spoken content. In this paper, we explore the Neural Bag-of-Words (NBOW) model, proposed previously for text classification, to retrieve rele...

Estimating uncertainty is important to improving the safety of AI systems. Recently baseline tasks and metrics have been defined and several practical methods for estimating uncertainty developed. However, these approaches attempt to model distributional uncertainty either implicitly through model uncertainty or as data uncertainty. This work proposes a new framework for modeling predictive unc...

In vivo adoptive transfer of CD4+ T helper cell type 1 clones reactive with autologous myelin basic protein (MBP) may initiate an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Although MBP is also a component of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin, previous studies have failed to demonstrate inflammation in the PNS induced ...

Prenatal stress (PNS) is associated with increased biological risk for mental disorders such as anxiety and depression later in life, and stress appear to be additive to the PNS influences. Among the most widely cited and accepted alternative hypotheses of anxiety and depression is dysfunction of the HPA axis, a system that is central in orchestrating the stress response. Therefore, understandi...

The perineuronal net (PN) is a subtype of extracellular matrix appearing as a net-like structure around distinct neurons throughout the whole CNS. PNs surround the soma, proximal dendrites, and the axonal initial segment embedding synaptic terminals on the neuronal surface. Different functions of the PNs are suggested which include support of synaptic stabilization, inhibition of axonal sprouti...

Injuries to axons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) of mammals result in axonal degeneration distal to the site of the lesion (Wallerian degeneration) and removal of their surrounding myelin sheaths . In the PNS, myelin is rapidly degraded over a few days or weeks, and the axons regenerate but in the CNS the myelin may persist for months (1, 2), and the axons do n...

Previous studies have suggested that common antigens that exist in neurons and tumor cells trigger cross immunoreaction, which attacks the neurons and tumor cells simultaneously. This action leads to paraneoplastic symptoms and slowed tumor growth. The present study co‑cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from anti‑Hu antibody‑associated patients with paraneoplastic neurological ...