Compositional information obtained with Cassini instruments during Enceladus and Saturn’s E ring flybys is used to constrain chemical and phase (minerals, ices, clathrates, organics, liquids) composition of the moon’s interior. The Enceladus’ plume emits cometary-type (NH3, HCN, CH4) likely primordial gases together with aqueously formed species (Na salts, silica and H2). This could indicate aq...

An Euler shocktting marching code yields good agreement with semiempirically determined plume shapes, although the agreement decreases somewhat with increasing nozzle angle and the attendant increase in the nonisentropic nature of the ow. Some calculations for a low-boom con guration with a sample engine indicated that, for ight at altitudes above 60 000 ft, the plume e ect is dominant. This ne...

The release of a chemical/biological/nuclear (C/B/N) agent in a city remains a viable threat. As these silent, invisible and odorless plumes can cause massive casualties that would overwhelm emergency facilities, modeling, tracking and real-time prediction of plume dispersion and lethality is central to developing a user-friendly first responder's tool for evacuating civilians and managing emer...

[1] Sediment flux from rivers to oceans is the fundamental driver of fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics and continental margin sedimentation, yet sediment transport across the river-to-marine boundary is poorly understood. Coastal rivers typically are affected by backwater, a zone of spatially decelerating flow that is transitional between normal flow upstream and the offshore river plume. Flow dece...

In their recent study, Pering et al. (2017) presented a novel method for measuring volcanic water vapor fluxes. Their method is based on imaging volcanic gas and aerosol plumes using a camera sensitive to the near-infrared (NIR) absorption of water vapor. The imaging data are empirically calibrated by comparison with in situ water measurements made within the plumes. Though the presented method...

Researchers have reported adverse health effects among rescue/recovery workers and people living near the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The authors investigated the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among persons living outside of Lower Manhattan in areas affected by the World Trade Center particulate matter plume. Using a novel atmospheric dispersion model, they estimated relative...

Sensing and following the chemical plume of food odors is a fundamental challenge faced by many organisms. For flying insects, the task is complicated by wind that distorts the plume and buffets the fly. To maintain an upwind heading, and thus stabilize their orientation in a plume, insects such as flies and moths make use of strong context-specific visual equilibrium reflexes. For example, fly...

Ž . The variations of the partial pressure of CO pCO and related parameters were determined in surface seawater along 2 2 the Belgian coast, from January 1995 to June 1996, at both daily and seasonal time scales. The distribution of pCO in this 2 area is regulated by river input from the Scheldt, biological activity and hydrodynamics. The contribution of each of these Ž . processes varies as a ...

An experimental study of the thermal plume emerging above a number of plane rectangular heat sources of finite dimensions was performed with the aim of verifying the corresponding point source or linear source models and the evolutions of the dynamic and thermal fields in relation to the aspect ratio. The heat sources were assembled from four rectangular units 1.5 m in length and 0.25 m in widt...

The accidental overfilling of waste liquid from tank BX-102 at the Hanford Site in 1951 put about 10 t of U(VI) into the vadose zone. In order to understand the dominant geochemical reactions and transport processes that occurred during the initial infiltration and to help understand current spatial distribution, we simulated the waste liquid spilling event in laboratory sediment columns using ...