Functional Polarization of Mononuclear Phagocytes Mononuclear phagocyte (MP) encompass bone marrow precursor cells and peripheral blood monocytes that, after a very short time (1–2 days), migrate into the different organs and tissues. Under the influence of the different microenvironments, recently migrated monocytes give rise to a variety of MP subtypes, including mucosal macrophages, dendriti...

Aspects of the interaction of certain mycoplasmas with macrophages and neutrophils in vivo and in vitro have been studied using two systems, one involving M. pulmonis in mice and the other involving M. bovis with bovine leucocytes. Studies with M. pulmonis indicated that the disappearance of viable organisms from the peritoneal cavity was not enhanced in SPF mice in which a peritoneal exudate r...

Mucormycosis is an emerging fungal infection with extremely high mortality rates in patients with defects in their innate immune response, specifically in functions mediated through phagocytes. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions between these innate immune effectors and mucormycete spores during the early immune response. Here, the earl...

Neutrophils are part of the first line of immune response and are essential for resistance against a variety of pathogens. They professionally mediate direct killing of pathogens, recruit other phagocytes by specific chemokines, produce cytokines and interact with different immune cells to shape the adaptive response. Leishmania as an obligatory intracellular parasite has evolved to benefit thi...

We monitor cellular responses to a penetrating wound in the cerebral cortex of adult rat during the first weeks after injury. Two classes of activated mononuclear phagocytes containing acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) receptors appear within hours at the wound site. One type of cell surrounding the lesion edge had thin, delicate processes and is identical in appearance to ramified mi...

characterized by intra-gonadal nutrient storage and its use for gametogenesis (Walker et al., 2001). Sea urchin gonads contain two main types of cells: germ cells and nutritive phagocytes, somatic cells common in both sexes that store nutrients necessary for gametogenesis (Walker, 1982). Before the initiation of gametogenesis, the gonads increase in size by accumulating nutrients such as protei...

This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo phagocytic activity and clearancerates of Telfairia occidentalis plant additive using carbon clearance assay. Wistaralbino rats were used this study. The injected with ink through thetail vein while blood samples collected at intervals though orbital usingcapillary tubes. results showed that T. occidentals leaves had ability tosignificantly (...

Initial elimination of invading Staphylococcus aureus from the body is mediated by professional phagocytes. The neutrophil is the major phagocyte of the innate immunity and plays a key role in the host defense against staphylococcal infections. Opsonization of the bacteria with immunoglobulins and complement factors enables efficient recognition by the neutrophil that subsequently leads to intr...

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to present and summarize findings of various images of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). CGD represents a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by defective generation of respiratory bursts in human phagocytes. This defect results in abnormal phagocytic functions and defective killing of bacteria by phagocytes. CGD may involve many organs and present ...

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)–1 is activated on exposure to bacterial pathogens and regulates the innate immune functions of phagocytes. We show here that the HIF-1 agonist mimosine can boost the capacity of human phagocytes and whole blood to kill the leading pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent fashion and reduce the lesion size in a murine model of S. aureus skin infection. Th...