evliya chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the ottoman empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the seyahatname. during his lifetime, evliya chelebi made three journeys to safavid iran: the first in 1646 to azerbaijan and caucasus, the second in 1647 which was a very shor...

according adhar bigdili, muhammad ali was son of abdal biq naqqashbashi (painter laureate)and grandson of aliquli biq jabadar, court painter of shah safi and shah abbas ii safawi. adhar bigdili credited muhammad ali with naqqashbashi of shah tahmasp ii safawi and nadir shah afshar. having learnt the art of painting from his father, muhamma ali in turn trained ali ashraf, who worked under patron...

Should or can Turkey join the European Union (EU)? This paper argues that there are three alternative scenarios of the EU decision to grant membership to Turkey: ‘privileged relationship offer,’ ‘wait and see attitude,’ and ‘start of full membership negotiations.’ It then gauges each alternative path, and argues that the most likely scenario is a decision to start the negotiations, followed by ...