The potential of iron nanoparticles as adsorbents for water remediation has not been fully exploited because their intrinsically low stability. Herein, few-layered graphene-encapsulated ([email protected]0) supported on and within lignin-derived carbon were synthesized via an in-situ thermal conversion ferric nitrate-loaded kraft lignin, i.e., nitrate a Fe source lignin source. structure morpho...