In plants, water flows from roots to leaves through a complex network of xylem conduits. The xylem architecture is characterized by the conduit enlargement towards the stem base and the multiplication of conduits near the apices of lateral branches. The xylem architecture of a small ash tree was analysed by measuring the vessel hydraulic diameter (Dh) and number (N) at different heights along t...

Applied anatomy of the superficial peroneal nerve in real clinical situations requires a good knowledge of the anatomical relationships and their common variations. Here we present an anatomoclinical description not only of the normal superficial peroneal nerve but also of its different variations with surgical implications based on twelve lower limbs. In order to gain some landmarks, the follo...

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] cv. Charleston gray was grafted onto three rootstocks: Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria and (Cucurbita maxima x C. moshata). The non grafted watermelon plant was used as control. In this experiment efficiency of two kinds of grafting methods: Tube grafting and Hole insertion grafting and it was found that, Hole insertion grafting gave ...

Lateral branches in higher plants are often maintained at specific angles with respect to gravity, a quantity known as the gravitropic setpoint angle (GSA) [1]. Despite the importance of GSA control as a fundamental determinant of plant form, the mechanisms underlying gravity-dependent angled growth are not known. Here we address the central questions of how stable isotropic growth of a branch ...

T o improve midfacial soft-tissue sagging, it is sometimes necessary to release the zygomatic and upper masseteric retaining ligaments in the sub-superficial musculoaponeu-rotic system (SMAS) plane. Release of these ligaments needs to be done carefully to avoid any injuries to the branches of the facial nerve. Some of the zygomatic branches run toward the zygomaticus major muscle and are locate...