Several experiments of loading Titanium samples with Deuterium from the gas phase, of changing the temperature of the samples over a wide range and of monitoring the neutron emission were done. Neutron emissions in very low intensity bursts, still significantly above the background were recorded, revealing that low energy nuclear reactions in condensed matter can be produced with a very low rat...

We calculate the neutrino energy emission rate due to singlet-state pairing of protons in the neutron star cores taking into account the relativistic correction to the non-relativistic rate. The non-relativistic rate is numerically small, and the relativistic correction appears to be about 10–50 times larger. It plays thus the leading role, reducing great difference between the neutrino emissio...

Several experiments of loading Titanium samples with Deuterium from the gas phase, of changing the temperature of the samples over a wide range and of monitoring the neutron emission were done. Neutron emissions in very low intensity bursts, still significantly above the background were recorded, revealing that low energy nuclear reactions in condensed matter can be produced with a very low rat...

In proto-neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, the neutrino-nucleon scattering/absorption cross sections depend asymmetrically on the direction of neutrino momentum with respect to the magnetic field axis, a manifestation of parity violation in weak interactions. We develop the moment formalism of neutrino transport in the presence of such asymmetric neutrino opacities. For a given neutrin...

We present spectroscopy and Hα imaging of a faint nebula surrounding the X-ray bright, nearby neutron star RX J1856.5−3754. The nebula shows no strong lines other than the hydrogen Balmer lines and has a cometary-like morphology, with the apex being approximately 1′′ ahead of the neutron star, and the tail extending up to at least 25′′ behind it. We find that the current observations can be sat...

In cavitation experiments with deuterated acetone, tritium decay activity above background levels was detected. In addition, evidence for neutron emission near 2.5 million electron volts was also observed, as would be expected for deuterium-deuterium fusion. Control experiments with normal acetone did not result in tritium activity or neutron emissions. Hydrodynamic shock code simulations suppo...

Recent studies on meson condensations (pions and kaons) in high-density hadronic matter are reviewed. After summarizing onset mechanisms of pion and kaon condensations, we discuss implications for neutron star phenomena such as rapid cooling through neutrino emission, static and dynamic properties of neutron stars. Recent studies on coexistence problem of pion and kaon condensations are briefly...

We examine radial oscillations of superfluid neutron stars at finite internal temperatures. For this purpose, we generalize the description of relativistic superfluid hydrodynamics to the case of superfluid mixtures. We show that in a neutron star, at hydrostatic and beta-equilibrium, the redshifted temperature gradient is smoothed out by neutron superfluidity (but not by proton superfluidity)....

In the double neutron star merger or neutron star-black hole merger model for short GRBs, the outflow launched might be mildly magnetized and neutron rich. The magnetized neutron-rich outflow will be accelerated by the magnetic and thermal pressure and may form a two component jet finally, as suggested by Vlahakis, Peng & Königl (2003). We show in this work that such a two component jet model c...

We calculate and provide analytic fits of the factors which describe the reduction of the neutrino emissivity of modified Urca and nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung processes by superfluidity of neutrons and protons in neutron-star cores. We consider S0 pairing of protons and either S0 or P2 pairing of neutrons. We analyze two types of P2 pairing: the familiar pairing with zero projection of the t...