The synthesis and full characterization of two tetrathiafulvalene-appended azine ligands, namely 2-([2,2'-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)-6-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine (L1) and 5-([2,2'-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)-2-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine (L2) are described. The crystal structure of ligand L1 indicates that the ligand is completely planar with the presen...

This research examined the total extractable hydrocarbon content comprising of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum (TPHs), hydrogen carbon (THC) and organic nitrogen (TON) an oil-spill-impacted site in Ogoni land, Okenta Alode, Eleme local government area, Rivers state, Nigeria. Sediment samples crude oil contaminated soils were randomly collected from different points at study s...

Strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 biotype El Tor that are susceptible to Mukerjee cholera bacteriophage group IV (S. Mukerjee, Bull. W.H.O. 28:333-336, 1963) were found. Cholera vibrios isolated from epidemics in northeast Thailand were characterized, and 57 of 60 strains isolated in 1986 were susceptible to cholera phage IV. However, all 113 strains isolated in 1988 were not susceptible ...

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains produced much more cholera toxin than did prototype El Tor strains. The amount of cholera toxin produced by El Tor variant strains both in vitro and in vivo was more or less equivalent to that produced by classical strains.

regions would be conserved differently must be considered. It is probable that subsequent sequences of HGyVs remain to be identified in human blood. A recent study reported the characterization of a highly divergent GyV sequence (GyV4) in human fecal samples and chicken meat (7); as with avian GyV2 and GyV3, further research is needed to determine whether this variant replicates in the human bo...

In August 2010, Pakistan experienced major floods and a subsequent cholera epidemic. To clarify the population dynamics and transmission of Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan, we sequenced the genomes of all V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates and compared the sequences to a global collection of 146 V. cholerae strains. Within the global phylogeny, all isolates from Pakistan formed 2 new subclades (PSC-1 a...

After more than a century since its birth, Quantum Theory still eludes our under1 standing. If asked to describe it, we have to resort to abstract and ad hoc principles about 2 complex Hilbert spaces. How is it possible that a fundamental physical theory cannot be de3 scribed using the ordinary language of Physics? Here we offer a contribution to the problem, 4 providing a short non-technical p...

Current evidence suggests that ghrelin, a stomach derived peptide, exerts its orexigenic action through specific modulation of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, which ultimately increase the expression of agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). However, there is a paucity of data about the poss...