BACKGROUND/AIMS Though CCR4-NOT2 (CNOT2), one of CCR4-NOT complex subunits, was known to be involved in metastasis and apoptosis through transcription and mRNA degradation, its other biological function is poorly understood so far. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular role of CNOT2 in the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS CNOT2 was overexpress...

A transient increase in collagen VI expression precedes the accumulation of collagen I associated with interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells. Transfection with an antisense oligonucleotide specific for alpha1(VI) collagen mRNA was shown to attenuate mRNA levels of collagens VI and I. Incubating IL-4 treated cells with anti-collagen VI antiserum decreased exp...

Transmembrane transport of exogenous genes is widely investigated because high demand for gene therapy. Both carriers and cellular conditions can affect transfection efficiency. Although cell morphology has been reported to functions, the influence adhesion area spreading on remains unclear it difficult separate individual these areas during normal culture. In this study, micropatterns were pre...

Three different ionene polymers with varying quaternary ammonium moieties were used as a proof of concept for the formulation of antisense oligonucleotides, which are capable of inhibiting Renilla luciferase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Cationic vesicles, consisting of cationic polymer, antisense oligonucleotide (Luc) and non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80, were investigated regarding th...

The process of in vitro transfection involves introduction of genetic material into cells and it is generally used for mammalian cells and involves non-viral methods [1]. Various therapeutic cargo molecules can be used for intracellular delivery into cancer cell lines and primary cells, including plasmid DNA (pDNA), proteins, small molecules, messenger RNA (mRNA), shall RNA such as short interf...

Calcium is one of the major mineral nutrients in goat milk. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing hydroxylation l-tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis. In this study, TPH1 knockout mammary epithelial cells(GMEC) heterozygous clone with no off-target effects were obtained after transfection Cas9/sgRNA expr...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can induce autophagy via the unfolded protein response (UPR), and regulate activation of inflammasomes. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is a transducer UPR in cells with ER stress. Here, we investigated role IRE1α its impact on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial (RA-FLSs). RA-FLSs were isolated from (RA) patients stimulated thapsigargin (TG) to ...

Abstract Background Growth factors execute essential biological functions and affect various physiological pathological processes, including peripheral nerve repair regeneration. Our previous sequencing data showed that the mRNA coding for betacellulin (Btc), an epidermal growth factor protein family member, was up-regulated in rat sciatic segment after injury, implying potential involvement of...