Research objectives: This work is aimed at identifying in the works of pre-revolutionary Russian historians issues related to various aspects existence Mongol Empire from its prehistory collapse, with special attention presentation ideology leaders. materials: The main sources are major fifteen famous XIX – early XX centuries: N.A. Polevoy, M.P. Pogodin, N.G. Ustryalov, N.I. Kostomarov, S.M. So...

the qara-khitai government of kerman was founded by the efforts of borāq hājib in about 1223 a.d (619 a.h.) and was continued by his descendants ruling some parts of kerman and its surroundings over a period of 80 years (from1223 to 1305). despite the chaotic situation in iran during 13th century, the rulers of this new-founded government not only protected their own territory from mongol invas...

This review article discusses a new scientific publication of the Institute Mongolian Studies and Department History State University. In 2019, Steppe Publishing published collective monograph entitled «History Mongol Empire» in 5 volumes. The titles volumes correspond to names states that made up Empire XIII–XIV centuries: «Mongol Empire», «Yuan «Ulus Jochi», Ilkhanate», «Chagatai ulus». third...

It was an unprecedented disaster. When the Black Death swept west and northwards through Europe in the dark days of 1347–1351, it brought with it unparalleled suffering and death. With the demographic collapse came social, psychological and economic shock as the survivors struggled to comprehend the enormity of what had befallen. Yet it was also a pivotal point in Western history, maintains Dav...

This essay addresses the nature of the medieval transformation of Eurasia from the perspective of China during the Song dynasty (960-1279). Out of the many facets of the wholesale metamorphosis of Chinese society that characterized this era, I focus on the development of an increasingly bureaucratic and autocratic state, the emergence of a semi-autonomous local elite, and the impact on both tre...

Y-chromosomal haplogroup G1 is a minor component of the overall gene pool of South-West and Central Asia but reaches up to 80% frequency in some populations scattered within this area. We have genotyped the G1-defining marker M285 in 27 Eurasian populations (n= 5,346), analyzed 367 M285-positive samples using 17 Y-STRs, and sequenced ~11 Mb of the Y-chromosome in 20 of these samples to an avera...