The influence of dose rate, i.e., ion flux, on ion beam mixing in Nb-Si bilayer samples was measured at room temperature and 325 °C. At the higher temperature, an increase in dose rate of a factor of 20 caused a decrease in the thickness of the mixed layer by a factor of 1.6 for equal total doses. At room temperature, the same change in flux had no effect on mixing. These results are consistent...

The adjectives "generic", "subgeneric", "specific", and "individual" are proposed to be added to the term "quantity", depending on the case, in order to diminish the ambiguity of this term and to classify the different types of quantities.

Thermodynamic quantities of Coulomb plasmas consisting of point-like ions immersed in a compressible, polarizable electron background are calculated for ion charges Z = 1 to 26 and for a wide domain of plasma parameters ranging from the Debye-Hückel limit to the crystallization point and from the region of nondegenerate to fully degenerate nonrelativistic or relativistic electrons. The calculat...

Mean-field ecological models ignore space and other forms of contact structure. At the opposite extreme, high-dimensional models that are both individual-based and stochasti incorporate the distributed nature of ecological interactions. In between, moment approx imations have been proposed that represent the effect of correlations on the dynamics o mean quantities. As an alternative closer to t...

A calibrated three-dimensional numerical model (Delft3D) and in-situ observations are used to study the relation between deep-water temperature deep mixing in Lake Garda (Italy). model-observation comparison indicates that is able adequately capture turbulent kinetic energy production surface layer its vertical propagation during unstratified conditions. From modeling results several processes ...

Satellite measurements of oceanic and air-sea interaction quantities now play a fundamental role in oceanographic and climate research, as well as in weather and ocean state prediction. The technical ability to make accurate and useful ocean measurements from space has been demonstrated and consistent, decadal time series of a few key ocean quantities have been obtained. Spaceborne ocean observ...

We present a classification of possible parametrizations of the 3 × 3 lepton flavor mixing matrix in terms of the rotation and phase angles. A particular parametrization, which is most convenient to describe the observables of neutrino oscillations and that of the neutrinoless double beta decay, is studied in detail. The possibility to determine the Diracand Majorana-type CP-violating phases ar...

A Laser Induced Fluorescence technique (LIF) has been used to study the mixing behavior of two emerging streams in a T-Type mixing chamber. A mixing index on the basis of digital image light intensities is calculated. It has been shown that averaging over more than 800 images leads to a stable mixing index calculation. Moreover, the effect of equal and un-equal flow rates on the mixing behavior...