This paper is concerned with how to improve the training of higher-level military officers, given that the conditions for learning in “conventional” exercises (with a high degree of realism and complexity) are suboptimal. From other applications (e.g., business and public management) we know that a key feature of effective decision training is high exercise frequency. Another requirement is for...

Myanmar (formerly Burma) is a southeast Asian country, with a long history of military dictatorship, human rights violations, and poor health indicators. The health situation is particularly dire among pregnant women in the ethnic minorities of the eastern provinces (Kachin, Shan, Mon, Karen and Karenni regions). This integrative review investigates the current status of maternal mortality in e...

States form defensive military alliances to enhance their security in the face of potential or realized interstate conflict. The network of these international alliances is increasingly interconnected, now linking most of the states in a complex web of ties. These alliances can be used both as a tool for securing cooperation and to foster peace between direct partners. However, do indirect conn...

BACKGROUND War wounds produce a significant burden on medical facilities in wartime. Workload from the recent conflict was documented in order to guide future medical needs. METHODS All data on war injuries were collected prospectively. This information was supplemented with a review of all patients admitted during the study period. RESULTS During the first 2 weeks of the conflict, the sole...

cowardliness as well as symptoms. But what Shephard hints at but does not fully bring out is the dilemma he faces along with his subjects. On the one hand, he calls for accurate knowledge of past experience and for more facts. He thus implies that, with the full facts, the real nature of combat or post-traumatic stress disorders would become clear. On the other hand, his history repeatedly emph...

There are two parts to this paper. The first part examines the impact of arms transfers on the conflictual behavior of third world recipients. I conceptualize conflict as a multiplicative function of total arms imports and the extent to which the recipient is dependent on relatively few arms suppliers. My hypothesis that arms imports encouraged belligerence but that arms-transfer dependence dim...

The law of armed conflict has often been described as outdated and ill suited to military conflicts in the twenty-first century. Both academics and practitioners have argued that today’s wars tend to be asymmetric conflicts between states and nonstate actors, whereas the law of armed conflict was made with a view to symmetrical interstate war. This article challenges that notion. T law of armed...

The positive health effects of volunteering are quite well described in the literature; however, potential negative effects of volunteering are less explored. Volunteering got attention in Ukraine because of the recent political crisis that brought military conflict to the Eastern part of the country in 2014. Informal volunteering has transformed into a formal one. In order to be able to organi...

The issue of improved situation awareness is a key concern for military agencies, promising to deliver strategic advantages in a variety of conflict and non-conflict scenarios. Improved situation awareness can benefit operational effectiveness by facilitating the planning process, improving the quality and timeliness of decisions, and providing better feedback regarding the strategic consequenc...

This essay analyzes the role of ethno-political organizations in Nigeria's quest for democracy. It inquires into how their interaction in the recent transition to democracy curtailed and/or exacerbated politically pertinent conflicts among ethnic groups. It is argued that the salience of ethno-political organizations in Nigeria's recent transition rests, first, on the historical process of stat...