Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which an inducer stimulus in one sense leads to a concurrent percept in a second sense. The immune hypothesis of synesthesia links synesthesia to immune-related conditions such as migraine. More specifically, migraine with aura may be linked to grapheme-color synesthesia as both involve cortical hyperexcitability. In this study, 161 female synesthetes,...

BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in the role of the endothelium in migraine. Recently, our group showed differences in endothelial function between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation in healthy subjects, reduced vasodilatatory capacity of the posterior cerebral circulation and unimpaired systemic endothelial function in migraine patients without comorbidities. However, the re...

PURPOSE To evaluate the thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCL), and choroid layer using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for investigating the effects of vascular changes on the eye and optic nerve in patients who have migraine with aura. METHODS Forty-five patients who had migraine with aura (migraine group) and 45 ...

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy and practicality of treating headache in professional footballers with intranasal sumatriptan. METHODS An open label drug trial was performed in elite Australian footballers using intranasal sumatriptan (20 mg) treatment for acute headache. The main outcome measures were treatment response at 30 minutes, two hours, and 24 hours using two criteria: (a) initial s...

An assessment of the relationship between the phenotype of the "visual snow" syndrome, comorbid migraine, and typical migraine aura on a clinical basis and using functional brain imaging.

Abstract Migraine is a highly prevalent and frequently disabling disorder. Since the pathogenesis of this condition has a strong inflammatory component and migraine is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease, we assess whether C-reactive protein (CRP) may be epidemiologically or casually linked with migraine. An electronic search on Medline, Scopus and Web of Science produced 17 st...

Background Migraine limb pain may be under-recognized in adults and children. There is little information about familial forms of this disorder. Objectives To describe the clinical and inheritance patterns of familial migraine limb pain over four generations and to review the evidence for limb pain as a manifestation of migraine. Methods Prospective clinical and pedigree analysis with an 8-year...

OBJECTIVE Patent foramen ovale and pulmonary arteriovenous shunts are associated with serious complications such as cerebral emboli, stroke, and migraine with aura. The pathophysiological mechanisms that link these conditions are unknown. We aimed to establish a mechanism linking microembolization to migraine aura in an experimental animal model. METHODS We introduced particulate or air micro...

66 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Migraine headache is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterized by severe head pain that is usually unilateral and throbbing in nature (1). If left untreated, a migraine can persist for up to 72 hours (2). It is frequently associated with nausea (87%) and/or vomiting (56%), and other symptoms such as photophobia and phonophobia are also quite comm...

The term migralepsy was used for the first time in 1960 to describe a case of ophthalmic migraine followed by typical symptoms of epileptic seizure. 1 But it is not until 2004 that migraine-triggered epilepsy or migralepsy was included (under point 1.5.5) in the 2nd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHDII) 2 where it is defined as an epileptic seizure occurring...