GALAMBOS, ROBERT,JOHANN SCHWARTZKOPFF AND ALLEN RUPERT. Microelectrode study of superior olivary nuclei. Am. J. Physiol. 1 g7(3) : 527-536. I g5g.--The superior olivary nucleus of barbiturate anesthetized cats was explored with microelectrodes. Both slow wave and single unit activity was recorded to clicks, tones and noise delivered to the two ears. The several segments of the superior olivary ...

The field of AC electrokinetics is rapidly growing due to its ability to perform dynamic fluid and particle manipulation on the micro- and nano-scale, which is essential for Lab-on-a-Chip applications. AC electrokinetic phenomena use electric fields to generate forces that act on fluids or suspended particles (including those made of dielectric or biological material) and cause them to move in ...

Procedures and results are described for multiplexed immunochemical assays using semiconductor microchips. The microchips used here are miniaturized arrays of individually addressable microelectrodes controlled by active CMOS circuitry. Electrode densities exceed 1000 per cm2. The array chips are coated with a porous reaction layer material to provide a ‘biofriendly’ milieu overlaying the elect...

The application of microelectrode arrays in electrochemical batch-injection analysis, injection volumes 100 ml, has been investigated using a random array of microdisks (RAM) electrode made with carbon ®bres. Preliminary batch-injection experiments involving hexacyanoferrate(II) oxidation, using ®xed-potential amperometry and cyclic voltammetry, showed the expected lesser dependence on injectio...

Methods for localizing the posteroventral globus pallidus intermus are described. The authors' techniques include the use of microelectrodes to record single-unit activity and to microstimulate in human pallidum and its surrounding structures. This technique allows a precise determination of the locations of characteristic cell types in sequential trajectories through the external and internal ...

We present herein the most complete characterization of microneedle (MN) potentiometric sensors for pH transdermal measurements time being. Initial in vitro assessment demonstrated suitable analytical performances (e.g., Nernstian slope, linear range response from 8.5 to 5.0, and fast time) both buffer media artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). Excellent repeatability reproducibility together w...

K efflux is observed as an early event in the apoptotic process in various cell types. Loss of intracellular K and subsequent reduction in ionic strength is suggested to release the inhibition of proapoptotic caspases. In this work, a new K-specific microelectrode was used to study possible alterations in intracellular K in Xenopus laevis oocytes during chemically induced apoptosis. The accurac...

The microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have become a valuable tool in the study of electrophysiological analysis vitro electrogenic cells. Aerosol-Jet Printing (AJP) is an alternative to traditional fabrication technique. AJP allows development flexible and customized devices. Here we present computational modelling method using Comsol Multiphysics, enhance design optimization printed array. outcomes...

Newton AJ, Wall MJ, Richardson MJ. Modeling microelectrode biosensors: free-flow calibration can substantially underestimate tissue concentrations. J Neurophysiol 117: 937–949, 2017. First published December 2, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00788.2016.—Microelectrode amperometric biosensors are widely used to measure concentrations of analytes in solution and tissue including acetylcholine, adenosine, g...

In this study, we propose and evaluate a technique known as common average referencing (CAR) to generate a more ideal reference electrode for microelectrode recordings. CAR is a computationally simple technique, and therefore amenable to both on-chip and real-time applications. CAR is commonly employed in electroencephalography (EEG), where it is necessary to identify small signal sources in ve...