Background Regulatory interactions between the gut and brain are essential for energy homeostasis across systems. Current evidence indicates high-fat, high-carbohydrate diets (HFHC) impact Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology, however, mechanisms underlying this association poorly understood. We hypothesize that (1) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) mediates metabolic inflammation in an obesogeni...

introduction: the most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through a bite wound or contact of broken skin with saliva of a rabid animal. various other routes of virus transmission include exposure of mucous membranes (i.e. eyes, nose, and mouth) to infected saliva of a rabid animal, aerosol transmission, and corneal transplantation. laboratory workers during work with rabies virus and v...

The human brain is a highly complex system comprised of billions cells, called neurons, that are all interconnected. Normal function depends on effective communication between which requires signals to travel down nerve cell and then over the next it connected to. Several diseases result from impairments in why important study these living brain. Since difficult study, scientists use simpler or...

objective(s): exposing to stress may be associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ros). therefore, high level of oxidative stress may eventually give rise to accumulation of oxidative damage and development of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. it has been presented that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) supports neurons against various neurodegenerative conditio...

Abstract Sandhoff disease (SD) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), which affects ~ 1/1000, 000 live birth. SD caused by genetic deficiency of beta (β) Hexosaminidase and resulting excess central nervous system (CNS) synthesis GM2 ganglioside (GM2) its impact on neuron death. The exact mechanisms underlying such GM2-driven death are unknown in SD. Glucosylceramide (GC) induced com...

ocular lesions are a common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in cats. in this survey, 10 healthy syrianmice were infected through intraperitoneal inoculation of bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii (tehran strain).mice were killed 30 days after inoculation and the suspension of their brains was prepared, after confirmationof the infection. seven kittens were fed with the infected mice brain suspensio...

Nootropic acitivity of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. was studied in mice. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce amnesia in mice. The aqueous extracts of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS-100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated amnestic deficits induced by scop...

the pharmacological interaction between cannabinoidergic system and vanilloid type 1 (trpv1) channels has been investigated in various conditions such as pain and anxiety. in some brain structure including hippocampus, cb1 and trpv1 receptors coexist and their activation produces opposite effect on excitability of neurons. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that trpv1 channel is involved i...