The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corne...

We propose a tractable model of an informationally inefficient market. We show the equivalence between our model and a substantially simpler model whereby investors face distortive investment taxes depending both on their identity and the asset class. We use this equivalence to assess existing approaches to inferring whether individual investors have informational advantages (“skill”). We also ...

We investigate the notion of distance on domains. In particular, we show that measurement is a fundamental concept underlying partial metrics by proving that a domain in its Scott topology is partially metrizable only if it admits a measurement. Conversely, the natural notion of a distance associated with a measurement not only yields meaningful partial metrics on domains of essential importanc...

With the increasing spread of computers and the internet among culturally, linguistically and geographically diverse communities, issues of internationalization and localization and becoming increasingly important. For some of the issues such as different scales for length and temperature, there is a well-developed measurement theory. For others such as date formats no such theory will be possi...

For many years, meeting satisfaction has been a key outcome variable in experimental Group Support Systems (GSS) research. GSS research results on meeting satisfaction are conflicting, reporting positive, negative, or no effects. Unfortunately, no causal model of meeting satisfaction has been developed that could explain these effects. This paper derives Satisfaction Attainment Theory (SAT), a ...

Epistasis is de ned as the in uence of the genotype at one locus on the e ect of a mutation at another locus. As such it plays a crucial role in a variety of evolutionary phenomena such as speciation, population bottle necks and the evolution of genetic architecture (i.e. the evolution of dominance, canalization and genetic correlations). In mathematical population genetics, however, epistasis ...

1. Those emphasizing contradictions obtained when the process of measurement is itself described in terms of quantum theory. ~1~ 2. Those claiming that measurement may well be explained by quantum theory in the sense that "quantum-mechanical noncausality" can be derived from statistical uncertainties inherent in the necessarily macroscopic apparatus of measurement. ~ 3. Those introducing new ph...

A field-theoretic version of Wigner’s friend (1961) illustrates how the quantum measurement problem arises for field theory. Similarly, considering spacelike separate measurements of entangled fields by observers akin to Wigner’s friend shows the sense in which relativistic constraints make the measurement problem particularly difficult to resolve in the context of a relativistic field theory. ...

background and objectives: evaluating the performance of clinical units is critical for effective managementof health settings. certain assessment of clinical variables for performance analysis is not always possible,calling for use of uncertainty theory. this study aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated independentcomponent analysis-fuzzy-data envelopment analysis approach to accurate the...

Measurement theory and practice defines how well we can measure the most important constructs in the health behavior field. This article reviews the sequential process of measurement development that builds upon both theory and evidence, as well as building toward the future of measurement development. Some basic measurement theory and concepts are reviewed, including types of reliability and v...