Agriculture is an important engine of growth and poverty reduction in much of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. But the sector is underperforming in part because women, who are often crucial resource in agriculture and rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. An understanding of these constraints is a prerequisite to devising policies to improve agricultural production and produ...

In today's fast marketing over the Internet or online, many retailers want to trade at the same time and change their marketing strategy to attract more customers. Some of the customers may decide to cancel their orders partially with a retailer due to various reasons such as increase in customer's waiting time, loss of customer's goodwill on retailer's business, and attractive promotional sche...

The present study was focused on supply chain analysis of fresh guava in order to evaluate existing marketing supply chains (SC1: Producer - Consumer, SC2: Producer - Retailer - Consumer, SC3: Producer - Commission agent - Retailer - Consumer, SC4: Producer - Commission agent - Wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer) for two variety (allahabad safeda and apple guava) of guava. The gross marketing pri...

This paper focuses on the important role played by cooperatives in agriculture production and marketing Nepal. The evaluates of cooperatives, their contribution to agriculture, current policies that have paved way for development within cooperative sectors recommendations improving marketing. methodology employed includes a review existing literature policies, as well discussions with key infor...

The Covid-19 pandemic has had such a big impact on all circles, especially students who are overseas.Since the implementation of government policies, namely lockdown and social distance in various regions, many overseas have turned to become MSME activities for their survival.Not only that.The also weakened several sectors, economic sector.In midst this pandemic, MS difficulty developing busine...

Electricity generated by renewable energies (RES-E) already accounts for 25% of Germany’s electricity supply. This has led to recent discussions for a better market integration of RES-E. The paper examines how competing actors and their ideas on market integration developed new services for direct marketing according to their respective origins and tried to shape the regulatory framework. The p...

OBJECTIVE This paper reviews how the tobacco industry is promoting its products online and examines possible regulation models to limit exposure to this form of marketing. Opportunities to use new media to advance tobacco control are also discussed and future research possibilities are proposed. DATA SOURCES Published articles and grey literature reports were identified through searches of th...

In this paper we consider the problem of evaluating one digital marketing policy (or more generally, a policy for an MDP with unknown transition and reward functions) using data collected from the execution of a different policy. We call this problem off-policy policy evaluation. Existing methods for off-policy policy evaluation assume that the transition and reward functions of the MDP are sta...

Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge in Europe. Schools are seen as an important setting to promote healthy diet and lifestyle in a protected environment and school food-related practices are essential in this regard. To understand what policy frameworks European countries have created to govern these practices, a systematic assessment of national school food policies across the...