data envelopment analysis (dea) is a nonparametric technique that includes models to evaluate the relative efficiency of decision making units (dmus). it has the ability to separate efficient units and inefficient units. one of the applications of this mathematical technique is evaluating performance of supply chain. according to such as the inefficiency factors of one dmu, is existence congest...

For several decades growth of traffic volumes has outstripped investments in road infrastructure. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. This paper reviews the economic principles behind congestion pricing in static and dynamic settings, which derive from the benefits of charging travellers for the externalities they create. Special attention is paid to various complic...

This paper describes the use of Congestion Pricing as a means of providing Congestion Control and Di erentiated Quality of Service. The application of the proposed technique to the Internet Protocol has the advantage that it can be simply implemented using Explicit Congestion Noti cation. In particular: the network mechanism is independent of higher level protocols; the end systems can continue...

Transaction Security Cost (TSC) analysis is important for managing and pricing transmission congestion in competitive electricity markets. This paper presents a novel TSC analysis method based on a “take-risk” strategy that relies on “on-line” Available Transfer Capability (ATC) and transaction impact computations, using voltage stability criteria and related tools. A sample system is used to i...

Owing to the economic, social, and political problems in expansion of transmission infrastructure, novel topologies are demand efficiently utilize existing infrastructure. On other hand, there is a tremendous increase wind power generation around globe. One main challenges hindering penetration large-scale network congestion due limited capacity. To address these two issues, this study develops...

As systems and protocols have evolved to facilitate fast and reliable communication, wireless networks have deservedly been the focus of research for ubiquitous access to communication infrastructure. The network stack design for wireless access technologies differs from the wire-line case in that the unreliability of communication over the physical medium necessitates adaptation to radio condi...

The concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading leads to the flexible transaction prosumers and consumers, for which P2P business model is normally main attention. It still requires system operators address challenges in constraint problems. In this context, work regards congestion conjunction with trading. Firstly, a matching approach based on cost path proposed. consistent dispatch along eac...

Integration of DC grids into AC networks will realize hybrid AC/DC grids, a new energetic paradigm which become widespread in the future due to increasing availability DC-based generators, loads and storage systems. Furthermore, huge connection intermittent renewable sources distribution could cause security congestion issues affecting line behaviour reliability performance. This paper aims pro...