Although often debated as though it were public law, a FRAND undertaking is a private contract between a patent-holder and an SSO. Applying ordinary principles of contract interpretation to the case of ETSI IPR policy reveals that “interpretations” of FRAND advocated by some authors—including cumulative royalty limits, royalties set by counting patents, or a prohibition on capture by the patent...

This paper presents the details and preliminary results of a saliency-based attention mechanism that is part of an architecture designed to detect and recognise traffic signs from a set of images.

If an ‘ideology’, in its broadest sense, is ‘a system of ideas’, semiotics, the study of sign systems, is predestined to make essential contributions to the study of ideologies. The semiotic approach to the study of ideology begins with an investigation of the concept itself, which has changed considerably in the course of its history. Theoretical semiotics has studied signs of ideologies and i...

We present an accurate and efficient system for traffic sign recognition in a real-world driving scene video. The proposed system uses local structure features to achieve high, illumination-invariant accuracy in detection and recognition. We exploit a property of traffic signs, namely, shared boundary shapes, to enhance the speed and accuracy of the detection step. A multi-level SVM structure i...

Power-associative antiflexible algebras have been studied by the author [3] and Kosier [2]. As a matter of terminology, we shall define an algebra as a finite dimensional vector space on which a multiplication is defined in which both distributive laws are satisfied. If A is an algebra over a field F of characteristic not two, then A has an attached algebra A + which is the same additive group ...

Even the simplest narratives combine multiple strands of information, integrating different characters and their actions by expressing multiple perspectives of events. We examined the emergence of referential shift devices, which indicate changes among these perspectives, in Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL). Sign languages, like spoken languages, mark referential shift grammatically with a shift ...