Decreasing the demand for natural aggregates is doubly justified by significant contribution of construction industry to unsustainable development path environment, and projected global increase consumption aggregates. Extensive research has been carried out on physical mechanical properties concrete which incorporates plastic as aggregates; yet, no single study able draw structured demonstrate...

We report temperature and thermal-cycling dependence of surface and bulk structures of double-layered perovskite Sr3Ru2O7 single crystals. The surface and bulk structures were investigated using low-energy electron diffraction LEED and single-crystal x-ray diffraction XRD techniques, respectively. Single-crystal XRD data is in good agreement with previous reports for the bulk structure with RuO...

Global sustainability goals have led to the development of the green building movement. The Green Building Program, stemming from the movement, has had unprecedented success as it provides a quantifi able metric to people’s efforts towards sustainable development. Sustainable development and green buildings are often used interchangeably. Although, sustainable development and green buildings ar...

We report the synthesis of a room temperature ferromagnetic Mn-Ge system obtained by simple deposition of manganese on Ge(001), heated at relatively high temperature (starting with 250 °C). The samples were characterized by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)...

Epitaxial Fe3O4~111! films were grown onto a Pt~111! substrate by repeated cycles of iron deposition and subsequent oxidation in 10 mbar oxygen. A previous low energy electron diffraction ~LEED! intensity analysis revealed the regular Fe3O4~111! surface to expose 1 4 monolayer Fe atoms over a close-packed oxygen layer underneath. With scanning tunneling microscopy ~STM! a hexagonal lattice of p...

The method of calculating the intensities of waves in low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) whidi was applied in Part I to monatomic layers is generalized and applied to complex monolayers and multilayers. Using the "muffin-tin" model, whidi is widely used in the band theory of metals, the wave function is expanded in spherical harmonics on the surfaces of the set of atomic spheres whidi build...