Owing to the attitude that a high intake of fluid enhances beauty, young women may drink far more water than they need. This behaviour may have serious consequences for the mother and her offspring during delivery because of a risk of severe hyponatraemia. In contrast, hypernatraemic dehydration in the newborn infant may be considered when exclusively breast-fed infants postnatally lose 10% or ...

The erbB4 gene encodes one of the four members of the mammalian ErbB family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases. The ErbB4 protein plays a role as a receptor for the neuregulins, a large group of structurally related molecules and a few other epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related polypeptides, such as heparin-binding EGF, betacellulin and epiregulin. The importance of this receptor tyrosine kinas...

Background: Appropriate hydration is fundamental in preventing nipple-areola skin barrier damage and cracking nipples. Methods: Nipple-areola complex skin hydration status with contemporary macro photography (x100) was evaluated at 36 ± 6 postpartum hours in breastfeeding women using non-invasive bioengineering methods. Results: Macro photography was found to be effective in describing both str...