Abstract The paper provides evidence against the claim that perceptual access is commonly encoded in direct evidentials. While visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory perception are conveyed by evidentials contexts where such interpretations appropriate, others it speaker’s involvement, affectedness established beliefs which conveyed. These may be exclusive to speaker or shared addressee. Inste...

Contemporary inferences about evolution occasionally involve analyzing infinitely large feature spaces, requiring specific algorithmic techniques. We consider parsimony analysis over numerical characters, where knowing the feature values at terminal taxa allows one to infer ancestral features, namely, by minimizing the total number of changes on the edges using continuous-valued distance measur...

In The Longing for Total Revolution, Bernard Yack argued that Marx’s thought is plagued by a recurring contradiction. On the one hand, Marx criticized his Idealist predecessors failing to get beyond dichotomy between human freedom and natural necessity; he identified labor, activity determined necessity of having satisfy material needs, as primary freedom. other account what makes us distinctiv...