after the formation of islamic governement by the prophet mohammad in medina and expansion of islamic territory to the whole arabia peninsula and then to realm of persian and roman empires, the establishment and development of a financial and administrative organization was inevitable. accordeing to historical sources, the heritage of persian administration was entered into islamic organization...

F several centuries, the world, and particularly Europe has benefited from the great contributions brought about by Muslim physicians in the field of medicine. These contributions were not only based on technical skills but also on the role of eminent Muslim physicians in establishing medical ethics. Many prominent physicians of the Islamic civilization involved themselves with professional eth...

Whilst E-Commerce is spreading world-wide, many Muslims are wondering whether this new form of commerce is acceptable from the Syariah (Islamic Law) point of view. Thus, this research paper is meant to study the Islamic perspectives in e-commerce, particularly in its transaction, as well as the rights of the producers and customers. Issues on the legality of E-Commerce in Islam are examined to ...

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have significant role in employment creation and growth of gross domestic products of developing country. In the case of Indonesia, SMEs account for more than 90 percents of all company and in employment [1]. However, in order to grow and contribute more significantly to the economy, SMEs face some constraints. One of the main constraints faced by SMEs is the lac...

Islam places the highest emphasis on ethical values in all aspects of human life. In Islam, ethics governs all aspects of life. Ethical norms and moral codes discernible from the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith are numerous, far reaching and comprehensive. Islamic business ethics is essential for SME industry. The challenge of Islamic business ethics is to make that inevitable ethical decis...

The international religious data in the World Christian Database (WCD), and its print predecessor, the World Christian Encyclopedia (WCE) have been used frequently in academic studies and the popular press. Scholars have raised questions about the WCD’s estimates categories, and potential bias, but the data have not yet been systematically assessed. We test the reliability of the WCD by compari...

The maternal mortality ratio is an important indicator of socioeconomic conditions in a country or area. This study in Kerman province aimed to compare maternal mortality ratios from different data sources and examine deficiencies in vital data collection in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the context of the Bam earthquake disaster (December 2003). Annual data were collected from documents befo...

Islamic banking is a growing phenomenon which came into existence to satisfy the nan-cial needs of devout Muslims who observe the prohibition of interest-based transactions. Many economists have studied the macroeconomic properties of this institution in the framework of an isolated and ideal Islamic economy. In this age of integrated global nancial markets, the instantaneous transformation of ...

BACKGROUND The science of toxicology has a long history and been highly valued in Islamic countries. Numerous scientists were the expert in this field, particularly during the third and fourth centuries. Through reading such literature and gaining the experience of the scientists, one can use such valuable information to promote this science. METHODS In this article, different sources of trad...

Since the 1980s, Islamic scholars and medical experts have used the tools of Islamic law to formulate ethico-legal opinions on brain death. These assessments have varied in their determinations and remain controversial. Some juridical councils such as the Organization of Islamic Conferences' Islamic Fiqh Academy (OIC-IFA) equate brain death with cardiopulmonary death, while others such as the I...