c 2016 The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 22 No. 2 April, 2016 www.jnmjournal.org TO THE EDITOR: We would like to thank Huang and Rezaie for their interesting comments. As the authors are well aware of, diagnosis of Jackhammer esophagus requires normal integrated residual pressure (IRP) and at least 20% of the swallows with distal contracti...

To measure economic discrimination, one must be able to measure the productive capacity of people, the opportunity structure they face, and outcomes in the form of income and earnings. The first two are difficult to measure but crucial to any assertion that discrimination exists. To illustrate the uses and limits of statistical analysis to overcome these difficulties, two case studies of ethnic...

The provisions for child support reform in the Family Support Act of 1988 are likely to have a large impact upon the well-being of children eligible for child support, a group expected to include half of the children in the country. The reform is expected to increase child support payments and thereby reduce the economic insecurity and poverty of children who live apart from a parent. It is als...

An important exception to improvements in the relative socioeconomic status of blacks during recent decades is increased levels of joblessness among black youths relative to whites. Despite the many proposed explanations for this trend) few reconcile worsening employment status for black youths with concomitant improvements in other socioeconomic indicators. Three mechanisms that link reduced s...

Endohedral fullerenes are perfect nanolaboratories for the study of magnetism. The substitution a diamagnetic scandium atom in Dy2ScN@C80 with gadolinium decreases stability given magnetization and demonstrates Gd to act as single catalyst that accelerates reaching thermal equilibrium. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at M4,5 edges Dy shows moment follows sum external dipolar field two ions co...

Fullerene epoxides, C₆₀O(n), having epoxide groups directly attached to the fullerene cage, constitute an interesting class of fullerene derivatives. In particular, the chemical transformations of fullerene epoxides are expected to play an important role in the development of functionalized fullerenes. This is because such transformations can readily afford a variety of mono- or polyfunctionali...

The maintenance of the secretory response requires a continuous replenishment releasable vesicles. It was proposed that immediately pool (IRP) is important in chromaffin cell secretion during action potentials applied at basal physiological frequencies, because proximity IRP vesicles to voltage dependent Ca2+ channels. However, previous reports showed after depletion too slow manage such situat...

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the leading cause of diseases related to reproductive health and iron plays important role in chlamydial pathogenesis. Iron homeostasis in chlamydia-infected cells is not clear thus far. This study shows that expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR) is downregulated, whereas expression of the ferritin heavy chain is upregulated in CT-infected HeLa-229 cells. Ex...

As various fullerene derivatives have been developed, it is necessary to explore their photophysical properties for potential use in photoelectronics and medicine. Here, we address the photophysical properties of newly synthesized water-soluble fullerene-based nanoparticles and polyhydroxylated fullerene as a representative water-soluble fullerene derivative. They show broad emission band arisi...