Sustained expression of cytoprotective intestinal epithelial heat shock proteins (Hsps), particularly Hsp27, depends on stimuli derived from bacterial flora. In this study, we examined the role of the bacterial chemotactic peptide, fMLP, in stimulating colonic epithelial Hsp expression at concentrations encountered in a physiological milieu. Treatment of the polarized human intestinal epithelia...

The breakdown of glucosinolates, a group of thioglucoside compounds found in cruciferous plants, is catalysed by dietary or microbial myrosinase. This hydrolysis releases a range of breakdown products among which are the isothiocyanates, which have been implicated in the cancer-protective effects of cruciferous vegetables. The respective involvement of plant myrosinase and gut bacterial myrosin...

The methods employed for the quantitative isolation of stool bacteria in man have not been standardized. Schaedler, Dubos, and Costello have outlined in detail their methods for isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in specimens obtained from mice.' However, in vitro growth factors for the isolation of the bacterial flora of mice are not applicable at all times to man. While undertaking a...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of specific organic pathology. Although the underlying pathogenesis of IBS is not well-understood, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or other abnormalities in the gut flora is believed to contribute to the development of a subset of IBS cases. R...

Selective intestinal decontamination (SID) with norfloxacin has been widely used for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) because of a high recurrence rate and preventive effect of SID for SBP. However, it does select resistant gut flora and may lead to SBP caused by unusual pathogens such as quinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli or gram-positive cocci. Enterococcus hi...

Intestinal contents were collected from wild-caught African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) in 1993 and 1995 which were slaughtered at urban markets in the Congo Republic. The samples were kept frozen and brought back to Onderstepoort for aerobic culture. Out of 29 specimens, 33 species of bacteria and 20 species of fungi were isolated. The bacteria included three isolates of Salmonell...

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It is today generally accepted, that the intestinal bacterial flora is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), although the exact presence of unwanted or lack of specific crucial bacteria are not yet known. Westerners lack to large extent important immunomodulatory and fibre-fermenting lactic acid bacteria (LAB), bacteria which are present in all with a ...

Selective aerobic and anaerobic plate media were employed to isolate the predominant faecal flora of patients with cancer of the colon (CC), cancer with non-gastrointestinal involvement (NGI), and with non-malignant diseases (N). The CC and N groups did not differ significantly in either total aerobic or anaerobic counts. The CC group did have a significantly lower anaerobic/aerobic ratio compa...

prebiotic: a nondigestible food ingredient that benefits the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth and/ or activity of 1 or more indigenous prebiotic bacteria. prebiotics can modify the intestinal flora and interact with the immune system of the host against specific pathogens. however clinical trials are currently limited and a beneficial effect of prebiotic in treatment acute d...