Bacterial superinfections are the most common cause of mortality during influenza epidemics. Depression of phagocyte functions by influenza A viruses (IAVs) is a likely contributory cause of such infections. We used an in vitro model of viral depression of neutrophil respiratory burst responses to FMLP and PMA to examine the mechanism of IAV-induced phagocyte deactivation. Respiratory burst res...

PCCI engines can reduce NOx and PM emissions simultaneously without sacrificing thermal efficiency, but a low combustion temperature resulting from early fuel injection, and ignition occurring prior to TDC, can cause higher THC and CO emissions and fuel consumption. In conclusion, it was found that the PCCI combustion achieved by the 2-stage injection strategy with optimized calibration factors...

The time course of synaptic conductance is important in temporal precision of information processing in the neuronal network. The AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated EPSCs at the calyx of Held become faster in decay time as animals mature. To clarify how desensitization and deactivation of AMPARs contribute to developmental speeding of EPSCs, we compared the decay time of quantal EPSCs (qEPSCs) with...

introduction: aortic valve sclerosisis considered as a manifestation of coronary atherosclerosis. recent studies demonstrated an association between aortic valve sclerosis and obstructive coronary artery disease. the purpose of this study was to evaluatethe correlation betweenaortic valve sclerosis andobstructive coronary artery disease and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients hosp...

Abstract: The present paper introduces a control oriented model based on air and burned gas flows for automotive engines with variable valves. Moreover, a predictive controller is proposed by using the obtained model. For the engines with variable valves, the intake valve lift enables the quick torque response; on the other hand, the large valves’ overlap may cause a misfiring of combustion bec...

a 46 year old man had been undergone aortic valve replacement (avr) due to mechanical aortic valve endocarditis two month ago. he was referred to imam khomeini hospital because of dyspnea since two weeks ago. echocardiography showed the false aneurysm, with an area of flow beyond the lumen of the aorta. this patient underwent reoperation, the previously implanted aortic valve was removed, metic...

Engines equipped with a means to actuate air flow at the intake valve can achieve superior fuel economy performance in steady state. This paper shows how modern nonlinear design techniques can be used to control such an engine over a wide range of dynamic conditions. The problem is challenging due to the nonlinearities and delays inherent in the engine model, and the constraint on the air flow ...

This paper addresses the problem of cylinder burned gas rate transient control of VVA equipped Diesel engines. This problem is of importance for NOx emissions reduction. The proposed strategy coordinates existing low-level intake manifold burned gas rate and VVA controllers. To determine relevant control actions, a model of cylinder filling phenomenon is determined. It expresses, under the form...