Fluorescence photobleaching was used to measure the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and glucagon on the nuclear transport of fluorescent-labeled dextrans across the nuclear pore complex. EGF and insulin were found to stimulate transport approximately 200%, while boiling these polypeptide growth factors greatly diminished this enhancement activity. Glucagon demonstrated no enha...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate mini-dose glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes using a stable, liquid, ready-to-use preparation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin pumps received subcutaneous doses of 75, 150, and 300 μg of nonaqueous glucagon. Plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were measured. At 180 min, subjects receive...

1. The action of insulin on plasma cyclic nucleotide concentrations in normal human subjects has been studied after intravenous injection, alone and in combination with glucagon. 2. After injection of insulin alone there was an initial small, though not significant, decrease in plasma cyclic AMP at 15 min followed by an increase to more than twice the initial concentration at 30 min. The increa...

BACKGROUND A distinctive feature of type 2 diabetes is inability of insulin-secreting beta-cells to properly respond to elevated glucose eventually leading to beta-cell failure. We have hypothesized that an abnormally increased NO production in the pancreatic islets might be an important factor in the pathogenesis of beta-cell dysfunction. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show now that islets of type 2 ...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested that chromium (Cr) is an essential cofactor for normal carbohydrate metabolism and affects insulin sensitivity, especially in rodent models. Several factors, such as insulin challenge, high carbohydrate intake, and response to stress (e.g., in obesity), alter Cr excretion or distribution. Glucagon is known to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and...

Successful pancreas transplantation in type I diabetic patients restores normal fasting glucose levels and biphasic insulin responses to glucose. However, virtually no data from pancreas recipients are available relative to other islet hormonal responses or hormonal counterregulation of hypoglycemia. Consequently, glucose, glucagon, catecholamine, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to insulin...

BURTON, STANLEY D., CARL E. MONDON, AND TADASHI ISHIDA. Dissociation of potassium and glucose e$lux in isolated perfused rat I iver. Am. J. Physiol. 212(2) : 261-266. Ig67.-The dissociation of potassium and glucose movement during glucagon-induced glycogenolysis was studied in the isolated rat liver utilizing a small volume perfusion apparatus. When glucagon was added to a preparation assumed t...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin secreted by intestinal L cells, has become a critical target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because its physiological effects augmenting insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon and decelerating gastric emptying. Human endogenous GLP-1 is found to be proteolytically degraded inactivated DPP-4, which considerably limits therapeutic GLP-1. In cont...

The global high prevalence of diabetes mellitus has resulted into the development several oral hypoglycemic agents. However, these drugs have limited efficacy and harmful side effects, which call for search alternatives from natural sources. inhibition dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity increases level glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in turn reduces hy...

Both insulin and glucagon stimulate steady-state levels of Sp1 transcription factor, but only insulin stimulates transcription of the calmodulin (CaM) gene in liver. Because O-glycosylation of Sp1 by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is thought to regulate its ability to activate transcription, we assayed the levels of Sp1 with anti-Sp1 and anti-O-GlcNAc antibodies in Western blots by use...