Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) can perform IR spectroscopic chemical identification with sub-100 nm spatial resolution, but is relatively slow due to its low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In AFM-IR, tunable IR laser light is incident upon a sample, which results in a rise in temperature and thermomechanical expansion of the sample. An AFM tip in contact with the sample se...

Electrostatic actuators are used as voltage-controlled oscillators or resonators in high frequency applications. The change in deflection of a cantilever beam due to an applied voltage leads to change in capacitance between the plates of the beam. However, the range of operation of these devices is limited due to the nonlinear nature of the applied electrostatic forces as the cantilever beam mo...

We describe the use of parametric amplification to substantially increase the magnetoelectric (ME) coefficient of multiferroic cantilevers. Parametric amplification has been widely used in sensors and actuators based on optical, electronic, and mechanical resonators to increase transducer gain. In our system, a microfabricated mechanical cantilever with a magnetostrictive layer is driven at its...

PURPOSE There is much controversy about the minimum number of implants and maximum cantilever length in mandible prosthetic restoration. Finite elements analysis of three and four implant-supported prostheses was performed to determine the stresses in the superstructure, implants and cortical bone and, therefore, the failure prediction for each restoration. METHODS An edentulous mandible was ...

In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses are studied. The vibration modes of the cantilever plate are represented by combinations of beam functions. Using classical mechanics (the effect of size is not considered) and the corrected Cosserat's theorem (the effect of size is considered), we employ the Lagrange equa...

Cantilever sensors have been extensively explored as a promising technique for real-time and label-free analyses in biological systems. A major sensing principle utilized by state-of-the-art cantilever sensors is based on analyte-induced surface stress changes, which result in static bending of a cantilever. The sensor performance, however, suffers from the intrinsically small change in surface...

Microcantilevers are widely used in micro-/nanoscale mechanics studies. The nonlinear response of a cantilever at large deflection is sometimes overlooked. A general study of cantilever beam nonlinearity under a variety of loading conditions was performed with analytical and finite element analyses. Analytical equations for the applied load and the cantilever deflection were obtained. The canti...

We have examined both experimentally and theoretically a piezoelectric unimorph cantilever as a liquid viscosity-and-density sensor. The fabricated piezoelectric unimorph consisted of a PbO•ZrO2•TiO2 ~PZT! layer on a thin stainless-steel plate. In addition to a driving electrode, a sensing electrode was placed on top of the PZT layer, permitting the direct measurement of the resonance frequency...

In 1988, intrinsic localized mode (ILM) was theoretically discovered as a temporary periodic and spatially localized solution in a nonlinear coupled oscillator. This discovery triggered wide-spread investigations on energy localization phenomena in spatially discrete systems. In particular, observations of the ILM in micro-mechanical cantilever arrays enable us to expect that energy localizatio...