Previous electrophysiological studies have shown that the commissural connections between the two superior colliculi are mainly inhibitory with fewer excitatory connections. However, the functional roles of the commissural connections are not well understood, so we sought to clarify the physiology of tectal commissural excitation and inhibition of tectoreticular neurons (TRNs) in the "fixation ...

Abstract. The decline of Islamic education can be seen from different sectors, concepts, systems, curriculum, methods that are considered less relevant to society’s needs. Whereas in reality our society, we experiencing a period transition and the impact modernity may undermine purity wholeness existence education. author tries offer some ideas by thinking offered experts, one them was Ibn Khal...

This primary-source study of 4 medical works of the 13th century Muslim scholar Ibn Al-Nafis confirmed that his Kitab Al-Mujaz Fi Al-Tibb was authored as an independent book meant to be a handbook for medical students and practitioners not as an epitome of Kitab Al-Qanun of Ibn Sina as thought by recent historians. His huge medical encyclopedia, Al-Shamil, represents a wave of intense scientifi...

During the Sassanid Empire in Persia (226-652 AD), there was a renaissance of humanistic sciences, including medicine, in the city of Gondi-Shapur. When the Islamic center of power moved to Baghdad in about 750 AD, physicians of Gondi-Shapur, including the dean of the medical school (a Nestorian Christian), gradually moved to Baghdad constructing hospitals and medical schools. Aided by the Pers...

The focus of my article is on the undecidability Dov's/ Khaldun's identity throughout his conversations with Said X., 'biological father', along some significant selective semiotic referents in Ghassan Kanafani's novella Returning to Haifa. These aspects are highlighted elicit/ trace implied symbolism Palestine, land, and undecidability/ conflict its belonging critique (healthy self-criticism) ...