Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) refers to the abnormal development of the left-sided cardiac structures, resulting in obstruction to blood flow from the left ventricular outflow tract. In addition, the syndrome includes underdevelopment of the left ventricle, aorta, and aortic arch, as well as mitral atresia or stenosis. HLHS has been reported to occur in approximately 0.016 to 0.036% of...

Introduction: Trigger Thumb is a condition that caused by thickened A-1 pulley, often secondary to stenosed tendon sheath. There are several treatment options for trigger thumb, yet the use of prolotherapy treat has not been widely discussed in literature. Therefore, this study aims present case Bilateral Thumbs which were treated using Prolotherapy.
 Case: A 49-year-old female patient was...

This papers addresses the behaviour of hypoplastic equations near the reference configuration. By an approximation process, a general small strain hypoplastic equation is derived. Two particular equations are examined. It is shown that they can represent solids exhibiting different Young's moduli in compression and in extension.

Fetal hydrops in a newborn infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome led to the discovery of tricuspid stenosis and insufficiency from an unusual malformation of the right venous valve of the embryonic sinus venosus. This unfortunate combination of lesions precluded surgical palliation for the hypoplastic left heart.

Congenital duplication of the thumb is usually reconstructed by 18 months of age. This paper reports satisfactory outcome following reconstruction of two Wassel Type IV duplicate thumbs in adults aged over 40. Both achieved a good outcome based on Tada's criteria and a subjective Visual analogue score 8.

BACKGROUND Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) is a common injury, especially in skiers. It is often misdiagnosed, which can lead to chronic instability. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the current literature on UCL injury of the thumb and describes the clinical assessment and management. DISCUSSION The UCL of the thumb is often injured...