D the wide variation in the daily intake of sodium and water, plasma osmolality and sodium are maintained within normal range by vasopressin [arginine vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)] secretion and thirst. The osmotic threshold for AVP secretion is 283 mOsm/kg and for thirst sense is 293 mOsm/kg. Hence, by the time plasma osmolality reaches the osmotic threshold for thirst, AVP ...

this report presents a 52-year-old woman who was admitted to nephrology ward with hypernatremia. she shared a persecutory delusion of poisoning with her 22-year-old daughter and did not feed her 8-year-old son due to her delusion. keywords: shared paranoid disorder, delusions, schizophrenia, paranoid.

During a routine visit for nail care and diabetic neuropathy evaluation, laboratory tests were ordered for a 64-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. At the time, he had no symptoms of any acute problem. A serum separator tube was received and revealed sodium 162 mmol/L, potassium 3.8 mmol/L, chloride 88 mmol/L, CO2 20 mmol/L, and anion gap 54 mmol/L with normal blo...