Membrane-anchored SNAREs assemble into SNARE complexes that bring membranes together to promote fusion. SNARE complexes are parallel four-helix bundles stabilized in part by hydrophobic interactions within their core. At the center of SNARE complexes is a distinctive zero layer that consists of one arginine and three glutamines. This zero layer is thought to play a special role in the biology o...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are commonly used for sea water desalination to produce fresh water. These membranes are usually prepared using interfacial polymerization. Hydrophobic diamine and water-soluble chloride salt precursor are reacted to form a thin polyamide (PA) separation layer on a porous support [1]. The PA cross-linking density has a...

Gas diffusion medium (GDM) is a crucial component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Being composed of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) with a micro-porous layer (MPL) coated onto it, it ensures a proper water management due to the highly hydrophobic materials employed in cell assembly. In current commercial applications, the desired water repellent behaviour is usually obtained by usi...

UNLABELLED Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a newly emerging 0-dimensional graphene based material, have been widely exploited in optoelectronic devices due to their tunable optical and electronic properties depending on their functional groups. Moreover, the dispersibility of GQDs in common solvents depending on hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity can be controlled by chemical functionalization, whi...

We inject water at a low flow rate through gas diffusion layers containing different percentages of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating: 5, 20, 40, and 60%. use high-resolution three-dimensional X-ray imaging to identify the arrangement fibers, water, air in pore space. also quantify contact angle meniscus curvature once has spanned layer, ceased, reached position equilibrium. The average pr...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are commonly used for sea water desalination to produce fresh water. These membranes are usually prepared using interfacial polymerization. Hydrophobic diamine and water-soluble chloride salt precursor are reacted to form a thin polyamide (PA) separation layer on a porous support [1]. The PA cross-linking density has a...

The biological approach to forming crystals is proving to be most surprising. Mollusks build their shells by using a hydrophobic silk gel, very acidic aspartic acid rich proteins, and apparently also an amorphous precursor phase from which the crystals form. All this takes place in a highly structured chitinous framework. Here we present ideas on how these disparate components work together to ...

A straightforward photo-annealing approach was developed for building functional polymer layers on paper. Conducting polyaniline with the ability for photothermal conversion can be readily annealed by near-infrared light. The annealed polymers become both insulating and hydrophobic. Selective photo-annealing produces a functional layer with patterned conductive arrays. This material exhibits re...

A simple experiment is described which shows how the highly surface active ingredient of gastric surfactant (DPPC) can be deposited on a filter paper to reduce the rate of transmission of hydrogen ions by one to two orders of magnitude. This finding is compatible with previous studies implying that the hydrophobic layer of surface active phospholipid provides the gastric mucosal barrier as a di...

Some properties of compounds in degrading bacteria are required for biodegradation of contaminants to higher performance. Those strains which have a high percentage of these features are more effective at biodegradation. The present experiments were designed to measure these parameters. In this study, measurement of cell surface hydrophobic-degrading bacteria was designed which oil was separate...