In this work, O/W emulsion sets were prepared by using different concentrations of two nonionic surfactants. The two surfactants, tween 80(HLB=15.0) and span 80(HLB=4.3) were used in a fixed proportions equal to 0.55:0.45 respectively. HLB value of the surfactants blends were fixed at 10.185. The surfactants blend concentration is starting from 3% up to 19%. For each O/W emulsion set the conduc...

Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In South Asia HLB has been known for more than a century, while in Americas the disease was found relatively recently. HLB is associated with three species of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' among which 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) has most wide distribution. Recently, a number of studies identifi...

Elimination of interfering substances in urine by solid phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis resulted in 10-fold improvement in the sensitivity of atrazine mercapturate (AM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared to previous reports. Of the two tested SPE systems, Oasis HLB and MCX, the mixed-mode MCX gave good recoveries (82%) of AM in spiked samples measured by ELISA, whereas ...

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants the effect their carbon chain length dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, HLB on saturation solubility KT. Hen’...

Coconut processed products (coconut cream) are widely used in the food field. However, various ways, such as adding starch and surfactants still need to be made improve stability of coconut cream. This study aimed evaluate addition surfactant on cream its use an ingredient rendang spices. The separation milk into was conducted using cold method (4oC for ± 18 hours) separator method. After that,...

Effects of the emulsifier type, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, bio-oil ratio, ultrasonic power density, and time were tested relative to physicochemical properties stability emulsified oils broaden use overcome its defects. The results showed that turbidity stabilization times reached maximum values 184 NTU 84 min (Span 80 Tween 80), 191 92 (HLB value 5), 280 (bio-oil ratio 5%), 81...

Introduction Citrus greening (aka Huanglongbing, HLB) caused primarily by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) has devastating effects on global citrus industry. Agricultural management-induced changes in microbial communities are hypothesised to contribute toward HLB resistance reducing titre and increasing root soil health. However, we have a limited understanding o...